Your ascending aorta leads up from your heart. If you had bleeding from your aneurysm this may take longer. A aortic aneurysm history is common (if known). In many cases, doctors will run a catheter through the patients femoral artery in the groin to the site of the aneurysm in the aorta, then implant a stent graft. The aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body and is responsible for carrying oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. This causes severe symptoms, such as a very painful headache like you've never felt before, and requires immediate medical care. At Another Johns Hopkins Member Hospital: the Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery, Shape of the aneurysm, meaning whether it's round or irregular. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Take this assessment to find out if you need treatment and which type is best for you. If the aneurysm leaks or ruptures (bursts open), it causes bleeding in your brain. Dilation is also evaluated in terms of its stability and growth. The answers to questions about an enlarged aorta are largely determined by your age and body size. The index represents your body mass. Doctors often describe the head pain caused by a burst aneurysm as a thunderclap. The pain comes on in an instant, and its very intense. I've just been diagnosed with Carotid Artery Plaque, 30% one side, 50-60 That is what I'm thinking in my situation. numbness in the limbs. Your email address will not be published. Treatment with a catheter is done without open surgery. In cases where an aneurysm is large or where a patient has other risk factors, it may be appropriate to treat it through endovascular therapy. It runs from your heart, down the center of your chest, and into your abdomen. A quarter of the survivors, though, may have life-ending complications within six months. It is shown in the image on the right. Volumes for left ventricular beds were calculated in a biplane area-length method using an ellipsoidal biplane. An aneurysm can occur anywhere in the aorta. Sacs that are stable and thus cannot shrink or expand are few and far between. Everyday Health is among the federally registered trademarks of Everyday Health, Inc. and may not be used by third parties without explicit permission. It is unlikely that the aneurysm shrank, especially that much. The hole in the artery is closed using a series of percutaneously placed sutures. If the pain is severe and accompanied by weakness and dizziness, you could have a ruptured aneurysm -- a medical emergency that means you need to get to an emergency room immediately. We have performed incisionless EVAR in ten patients at BMC and have had excellent results, Dr. Farber said. Can lifting cause an aortic aneurysm to rupture, What causes an aortic aneurysm to rupture, Can someone in their 20s already have an aortic aneurysm, Will cough or sneeze hurt an aortic aneurysm. In 718 of them (97.2%9%), the aorta did not need to be re-entered. Cancer and cardiac failure, on the other hand, are the two leading causes of death after a follow-up. Some may feel nauseous, vomit, become confused, or have a drooping eyelid (further symptoms of a stroke are also possible). Other factors that increase the risk of a thoracic aortic aneurysm include high blood pressure, smoking, undesirable cholesterol levels, and development of blood vessel hardening and clogging, or atherosclerosis. Men are much A mildly enlarged aorta is an aorta that is slightly larger than normal. The graft is then inserted through the puncture site, under fluoroscopic guidance, and finally deployed in the aorta. The most common symptom of a leaking aneurysm is a sudden and severe headache. Size and location matters in this regard check with your surgeon. Figure 1 depicts the survival curves for each sample component. If an aorta ruptured, it could be fatal without prompt treatment. An aneurysm occurs when an artery wall weakens, causing it to bulge or dilate abnormally. The treatment of peripheral artery disease is minimally invasive and can be done without the need for surgery. A sudden increase in pressure within an aneurysm is the most common cause of ruptured AAAs. What does an aneurysm headache feel like? Libby P, et al., eds. It carries blood and oxygen from your heart to other parts of your body. An aneurysm can cause symptoms if it puts pressure on nearby nerves or brain tissue. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Neurosurgeon Judy Huang, M.D., of the Johns Hopkins Department of Neurosurgery, provides insight into some of the most common questions behind brain aneurysm diagnosis and treatment. However, just who should be screened for abdominal aortic aneurysms depends, to a degree, on whom you ask. However, aneurysms also may develop closer to the heart in the chest area (thoracic aortic aneurysm). This study aimed to find out everything there is to know about complications, causes of death, and risk factors. , Take Steps to Reduce and Manage Stress Well. In comparison to 694 patients (94%) who survived the postoperative period, 86 (12.9%) died. Figure 5. Kids, A family history of abdominal aortic aneurysm. 2. Two to three percent of people in the United States develop brain aneurysms. Learn about the symptoms that may occur when a thinning wall of a blood vessel in your brain bulges and know when to get emergency care. The patient can expect to be out of the hospital in one to two weeks following aortic aneurysm surgery. Can you get a brain aneurysm from hitting your head? Despite the fact that aortic dilation is not reversible, co-administered captopril and C21 temporarily reversed the dilation in mice. coffee or soda consumption. An abdominal aortic aneurysm occurs when sections of the aortic wall weaken and are unable to support the force of blood flow, causing a bubble on the wall. Even better is to have that doctor do it with you present and also looking at the images. Blood leaking from the vessel collects in surrounding tissue. Most aneurysms grow slowly at a rate of about 3mm (1/8th inch) per year but larger aneurysms can grow more quickly. There are currently no known cures for aortic dilation; however, surgery is one option. An aorta is broken down through an incision in the femoral vein before a thin tube is inserted into the vein and a special tool is used to remove a bulging section of the aortic column. This content does not have an English version. At times, patients find it hard to believe that their aneurysm was repaired because the procedure is so non-invasive.. www.bu.edu. The aortic arch was imaged using a suprasternal approach to determine whether there is isthmic coarctation. A metal mesh tube, called a graft, on the end of the catheter is placed at the aneurysm site. When blood is pumped into the artery through a weak spot, it causes a balloon-like bulge. Vasectomy is a permanent birth control option for men. An aneurysm can occur anywhere in the aorta. Will I need surgery to treat an unruptured brain aneurysm? The reading was performed by a single reader and repeated five times for aortic roots. There are two types of infections that can cause AAA, both of which involve the Epstein-Barr virus. Okay, you're welcome. Sometimes they are wrapped with material to keep them from stretching further, bu Aortic aneurysms are generally degenerative processes. These particulars guide your doctor in determining how and whether to treat a brain aneurysm. When considering repair of an AAA, it is critical to understand kidney dysfunction. "When aneurysms are small and not pushing on the brain or nerves, you may not have any symptoms," says Bryan Ludwig, MD, with the Clinical Neuroscience Institute. 1996-2023 Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. In our study, we discovered that the dimensions of aortic root in young men with a bicuspid aortic valve were significantly larger than in those who were not. The size depends on how the aneurysm is measured. Some cerebral aneurysms, particularly those that are very small, do not bleed or cause other problems. To replace the aneurysm, surgeons use a graft made of man. Because of this, doctors often are first alerted to a brain aneurysm through an imaging scan you might get for a completely different reason. The average age of natural menopause Menopause marks the end of reproductive years. It's a bulge in the main artery that supplies blood to your belly, pelvis and legs. What happens if an aneurysm is left untreated? The surgeon inserts a thin, flexible tube into a blood vessel, usually in the groin, and guides it to the aorta. Surgery may also be an option in some cases. A flow-diverter mesh stent is placed inside the artery to reduce blood flow from entering the aneurysm. Make your tax-deductible gift and be a part of the cutting-edge research and care that's changing medicine. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Iliac artery aneurysm. Goldman L, et al., eds. He said the aneurysm is oblong and so has a smaller and larger diameter. Surgery involves replacing the aneurysm with a man-made graft. aneurysm has a low risk of rupture about 1% or less per year. What not to do if you have an aortic aneurysm? 26th ed. An enlarged aorta is a condition in which the walls of the aorta, the main blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body, are abnormally thickened. For the Mayo Clinic News Network, I'm Vivien Williams. It is critical for patients undergoing endovascular treatment to follow the instructions for their recovery. Symptoms of an enlarged aorta include chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Thanks again. They do not recommend screening for women, who have a much lower risk. An unruptured brain aneurysm may cause zero symptoms. Neurosurgeons use specialized procedures to treat ruptured and unruptured brain aneurysms, when appropriate: When determining how likely a brain aneurysm is to bleed (or require treatment), your doctor will consider these factors: There are many effective treatment options for brain aneurysms today. Untreated conditions can rupture, resulting in death. It is critical to gather as much information as possible about a thoracic aortic aneurysm patient when they are first detected. Even after taking into account changes in risk factors, the enlarged aorta will usually continue to grow. The type of procedure recommended is determined by the aneurys location and appearance. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter Digital Edition, The body's main artery, called the aorta (, The part of the aorta that passes through the belly area (, The part of the aorta that passes through the chest (, Blood vessels that send blood to the brain (. During microsurgical clipping, a small metal clip is used to stop blood flow into the aneurysm. The simplest method is to avoid dissection (splitting the blood vessel wall, which causes blood to leak) or a rupture (rupturing the blood vessel). . Vlak says people who know they have an untreated aneurysm should avoid at least some of the triggers when possible.The eight triggers that increased the risk for the stroke included: Additionally, high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, diabetes, and high cholesterol puts one at risk of atherosclerosis (a blood vessel disease in which fats build up on the inside of artery walls), which can increase the risk of developing a fusiform aneurysm. Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection. Immediate emergency care, including open-chest surgery, is necessary for a dissection or rupture. Elsevier; 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. What does it feel like when an aortic aneurysm bursts? Whats The Difference Between Dutch And French Braids? If you have a family history of aortic dissection or if you have Marfan syndrome, which is a condition associated with aortic aneurysms, you may need to have your aortic aneurysms surgically repaired. A brain aneurysm can rupture regardless of size or growth rate. By subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Shovel snow, chop wood, dig earth or use a sledgehammer or snow blower. In all subjects, a color Doppler study with pulsed and continuous wave studies was carried out. Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening for men is important because the vast majority of people diagnosed with abdominal aortic aneurysms are men," said Peter Faries, MD, professor and chief of vascular surgery at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. 2019 New Treatments Can Prevent Aneurysms From Becoming Critical Minimally Invasive Procedures Can Repair Some Aneurysms and Prevent Them From Turning Deadly Roxanne Hanks, an independent insurance broker from Simi Valley, is living proof that aneurysms are not always a deadly condition. Physicians determine eligibility using factors such as the aneurysms shape and location, and the amount of calcium in the wall of the aorta. How do you deal with an ascending aortic aneurysm? This means the "balloon" in your blood vessel remains intact. But there may also be good reasons to not have surgery. "Rupture is usually fatal, and is the 13th to 15th most common cause of death in America.". The catheter is inserted into an artery in the groin and then moved up into the blood vessel in the brain that has the aneurysm. While a dilated aorta may not cause any symptoms, it can be a serious condition that can lead to complications such as aortic aneurysms or aortic dissections. In the United States, aortic aneurysms are responsible for nearly 20,000 deaths each year. too quickly, elective surgery to repair the aneurysm may be considered. The society includes women in its screening recommendations, specifically women over 60 with a history of heart disease and women over 50 with a family history of aneurysm, he said. through catheters may be necessary. a family history of aortic aneurysms or with a genetic condition related to the If a rupture happens, fast treatment can save lives. The difference between 4.4 and 3.7 is a very large difference. For an unruptured brain aneurysm, your doctor will decide whether it's better to treat the aneurysm now or monitor you carefully (called watchful waiting). These aneurysms can grow slowly or rapidly, or may remain unchanged throughout your life. In total, 52 (596%) patients died in the following 24 hours. Both were a CT Scan, but done at different hospitals.After the first CT Scan, my PCP recommended that I see a Thoracic Surgeon. Quit smoking. valve leakage( aortic regurgitation) Typically an ascending aortic aneurysm is repaired after it becomes between 5.0 to 5.5 cm in size, depending on other factors such as age, how quickly Other factors are important: Surgery is the most effective method of treating a larger, fast-growing or leaking aneurysm. Detailed information on thoracic aortic aneurysms, including description of a thoracic aortic aneurysm, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and full-color anatomical illustrations. If you notice any symptoms of an AAA, such as pain, swelling, or difficulty breathing, you should consult a doctor. But whatever the reason for this gender difference in health, theres no question that the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms in men is much higher than that in women. Call 911 or go to an emergency room if you think you are having symptoms of a brain aneurysm or ruptured aneurysm. This can be a result of a number of conditions, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and certain genetic disorders. And, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, two-thirds of the time when blood leaks between layers of the artery wall -- known as a dissection of the aneurysm -- the affected patients are men. Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine: Cardiovascular Catheterization and Intervention, Preventive Cardiology / Cardiac Rehabilitation, Clinical and Translational Science Institute. Blood can leak through the arterys walls when a dissection is performed. After the artery wall has been repaired or replaced, a balloon or mesh is inserted into the hole via the catheter. Depending on the size of the aortic aneurysm, surgery for aortic aneurysm repair can be performed. Most commonly, Keep Your Blood Pressure Levels in Check. If a brain aneurysm is unruptured, no blood has broken through the blood vessel walls. An ascending aortic replacement has a high mortality rate. Your provider can guide you through the treatment and monitoring of your aortseerem. A family history of aortic aneurysm puts you at increased risk. . Can aneurysms actually shrink in size? Some warning signs include severe headache, nausea, vomiting, double vision, seizures, cardiac arrest, and loss of consciousness. ", RELATED: Fruit Tied to Fewer Aortic Aneurysms. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, Structures Forming the Filtration Membrane in the Nephron, Unveiling the Countercurrent Mechanism of the Nephron Loop: Understanding Its Vital Role in Renal Function. This content does not have an Arabic version. Aneurysm formation in people with high blood pressure or dyslipidemia was not a significant risk factor for decreasing their life expectancy. Keep Your Blood Pressure Levels in Check. According to one recent study, isolated ascending aortic replacement resulted in perioperative mortality of less than 1%. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a59ce91b136f0d0bd863f8dca14e52bf" );document.getElementById("c08a1a06c7").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. the size of the aneurysm aneurysms larger than 7mm often require surgical treatment, as do aneurysms larger than 3mm in cases where there are other risk factors. Can an ascending aortic aneurysm shrink by itself? The most serious threat of an aneurysm is that it will burst and cause a stroke or massive bleeding, which can be life-threatening. A smaller I'm taking the advice from skydnsr and have my dr show me them side by sideand measure. Diagnosed with the condition years earlier, VanderPol had no alarming symptoms related to it, which isnt unusual. ANSWER: A thoracic aortic aneurysm occurs when one or more areas along the wall of the aorta the body's largest blood vessel becomes weak or damaged. The most common culprits are atherosclerosis and high blood pressure. Accessed Feb. 28, 2023. The artery becomes inflamed as a result of this. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue in the body and affects how it functions. Can the brain heal itself after an aneurysm? 9 from this journal. The majority of brain aneurysms are small and don't cause symptoms. The rupture of an aneurysm can be repaired with surgery. the location of the aneurysm brain aneurysms located on larger blood vessels have a higher risk of rupture. Heres what you can do to manage it. The two types of aortic aneurysms are: The new procedure, known as aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), is a far superior alternative to traditional surgery. Difficulty breathing. Once a brain aneurysm bleeds, or ruptures, it requires immediate medical care in a medical center designed to handle emergencies. An ascending aortic aneurysm is a bulging area in the first part of the aorta, the main artery in your body. Over time, aneurysms can grow larger and may eventually rupture. The risk of cardiovascular events is higher in patients with aortic aneurysms than in the general population. How Do I Change My Registration From Ka To TN? A brain aneurysm may come with symptoms like sudden dizziness, blurred vision, and seizures. A general anesthetic is often less risky and more comfortable than open surgery, in addition to being less risky. A dilated aorta is an aorta that has become wider than normal. There arent always warning signs before an aneurysm. Though aortic aneurysms do not directly cause death, complications arising from an aneurysm such as dissection or rupture cause approximately 15,000 deaths annually. Learn how we can help A proper aortic aneuriesm care plan necessitates frequent testing to keep an eye on the condition. Vivien Williams: Fast treatment is essential. If the aneurysm is more than 5.5 centimeters in size, or if its rapidly getting larger, your doctor may recommend surgery to repair the aneurysm. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. The stent graft reinforces the weakened aorta and eventually the aneurysm will shrink around the graft. It may be that womens hormones protect them from this disease.". Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) is a common cause of aortic aneurysms in the thoracic region. Your blood pressure will be checked and you will be given advice about managing your risk factors and staying healthy. Vlak says people who know they have an untreated aneurysm should avoid at least some of the triggers when possible.The eight triggers that increased the risk for the stroke included: Drinking coffee was the risk factor most commonly associated with a ruptured aneurysm, although the study found it increased the likelihood of rupture only slightly. Does aortic root dilation suggest aneurysm in thoracic or abdominal aorta? Anneurysms that become enlarged or rupture can lead to death. The gender of the person is br. Last year I went for a lung cancer screening and discovered 2 thoracic arotic aneurysms. Sometimes a less-invasive treatment called endovascular surgery may be done. There are many natural ways to shrink an aortic aneurysm. Overview of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Aortic size was a very strong predictor of rupture, dissection, and mortality. A big reason that screening saves lives is that you can have an aneurysm and have no symptoms until it ruptures. As these bubbles get larger, they are prone to bursting, often resulting in death. Dr. Oliver Aalami answered Vascular Surgery 25 years experience Unlikely: This is very unlikely. "We find the aneurysm when we're examining the patient for other reasons, so the news is a complete surprise," he says. If the exam finds an abdominal aortic aneurysm, here are the recommendations for what comes next: Abdominal aortic aneurysms do not go away, so if you have a large one, you may need surgery. Treatment for an enlarged aorta typically involves surgery to repair the damage. a watch-and-wait approach. When you visit Baptist Health, you will receive advanced, superior care for patients suffering from heart disease and aortic aneurysm diagnosis, management, and repair. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially life-threatening condition. When blood moves through the aorta, the aortic wall is stretched and weakened, high blood pressure stresses the aortic wall even more, causing a tear. Its been likened to being hit on the head, resulting in a blinding pain unlike anything experienced before. The aneurysm may slowly leak blood, or the aneurysm may rupture and cause a sudden flow of blood into the brain. Your aorta is the largest artery in your body. The patient typically goes home the day after surgery and has minimal, if any, discomfort. An aortic aneurysm is a condition that develops as a result of a weak wall in the aortic artery. An aneurysm is a weak spot in a blood vessel wall. If you think you are experiencing a ruptured brain aneurysm, dial 911 immediately. care providers also may prescribe medications such as beta blockers. If you reduce the amount of anxiety and stress in your life, youll decrease your likelihood of developing an aneurysm. After receiving my degree, I took an Instructor position at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, where I team-taught human / mammalian physiology. How often you will need to have a scan will depend on the size of your aneurysm. I would have it done by a surgeon with lots of experience and let them choose the approach as they know your anatomy and I do not. They can happen in severe closed head injury cases or be caused by a penetrating wound in a car crash. Some people live for years without knowing they have a brain aneurysm. Surgery is generally recommended for thoracic aortic aneurysms with a diameter of 5.5 centimeters or larger, and at smaller diameters depending on the underlying cause of the aneurysm. The weak spot has the potential to dissect or rupture, cutting off the supply of life-sustaining blood to the rest of the body. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). The doctor can then place small platinum coils in the aneurysm through the catheter. A aortic aneurysm can be hereditary or congenital, such as a bicuspid aortic valve infection or an inflammatory condition. Aneurysms must be treated, but you must also take medications to prevent further growth. Once an aneurysm develops along the aorta, it will not disappear or reduce in size on its own . Examine the evidence to determine if there are any markers that influence recommendations for open and endovascular repair as well as observation. It was found that there was a very low risk of a late complication associated with the aorta (only three patients, 0.43%). The catheter is inserted into an artery in the groin and then moved up into the blood vessel in the brain that has the aneurysm. They were found to be higher than the controls in 34 of 34 patients (group B). Beyond the shortness of breath VanderPol experienced, bicuspid valve symptoms can include fatigue, nighttime cough, rapid or fluttering heart palpitations, dizziness, chest pain and fainting. The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure, also known as pulse pressure, is a possible influence following stent- graft placement. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. 2 doctor answers 9 doctors weighed in Dr. Oliver Aalami answered Vascular Surgery 25 years experience Unlikely: This is very unlikely. The treatment selection process is based on a number of factors, including the size of the aneurysm, the patients age, gender, race, body mass index, and medical history. for video Mayo Clinic Minute: What is an aneurysm? Why Emotional Support Is Crucial With Peyronies Disease, Living With Peyronies Disease: Marks Story. Traditional treatment of aortic aneurysm involved an extensive surgical procedure involving a long abdominal incision until the late 1990s, when the Food and Drug Administration approved endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR). MedHelp is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this Site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. Tests were done at 2 different hospitals and 2 different drs measuring them.One is possibly not correct. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. "The aneurysm slowly shrinks and is no longer a threat to the patient." About 80 percent of the patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm who are evaluated at BMC are eligible for the new technique. EVAR patients usually return to their normal routines much sooner and experience little pain. Your arteries are large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from your heart to other parts of your body. If you had a stroke or brain injury from the bleeding, you may have permanent problems such as trouble with speech or thinking, muscle weakness, or numbness. All rights reserved. An aneurysm can develop in any artery. Is it possible to repair a mitral valve and an ascending aortic aneurysm together through a right anterior mini thoracotomy or better to do via a median sternotomy, i see both have been done by this method but not at the same time, possible reasons? With EVAR, which is minimally invasive, surgeons access the aneurysm through an incision made in the femoral artery. The skin puncture site is so small that it heals without any sutures. aneurysm grows slowly, although it can grow faster, particularly in people with If you are at risk for aortic aneurysms, you should have your aortic valve checked on a regular basis. The surgeon completed a digital database prospectively containing information about pre-, intra-, and postoperative periods as part of the study. What can be done to repair an ascending aortic aneurysm? A brain aneurysm is a bulging, weak area in the wall of a brain artery that can leak or rupture, causing massive bleeding in the brain. Mayo Clinic; 2021. 2 What happens if an aneurysm is left untreated? An aortic aneurysm occurs when a weak spot in the wall of the aorta begins to bulge, as shown in the image on the left. body's connective tissues. However, if the patient attempts to quit smoking, the growth rate may be slower. Push, pull, bear down or lift anything heavier than 30 pounds (or 10 pounds for patients recovering from surgery). And the challenge with rupture is that it's unpredictable. 4. Popliteal artery aneurysm. Required fields are marked *. This condition, also known as an aortic thickening, can result in death if left untreated. This condition can be serious because it can lead to a rupture of the aorta, which can be fatal. The blood vessel runs down through your chest, where it's called the thoracic aorta, and then through your belly before dividing into the two main arteries that supply your legs with blood. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. A ruptured aneurysm can cause serious health problems such as hemorrhagic stroke, brain damage, coma, and even death. Each year, over 1000 aortic patients are treated at Penn Medicines aortic surveillance clinics.
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