In the hundred years following the abolition of capital punishment by Venezuela in 1863, only 11 more countries followed, not counting temporary abolitions which were later reversed. Enjoying this article? Of all modern European countries, San Marino, Portugal and the Netherlands were the first to abolish capital punishment, and now only Belarus still uses capital punishment. The few rare exceptions have been instances in which the criminal killed only one person, but the nature of the act was considered severe enough to warrant the death penalty. After 1876, Emperor Pedro II adopted in practice an abolitionist policy through his prerogative of Mercy as Head of State, by directing that all death sentences be submitted by the Courts to the Imperial Government for examination regarding commutation (even without a request for pardon or commutation from the person condemned), and by granting commutations for all death sentences that were passed. An error occurred while subscribing your email address. Many countries in the Asia-Pacific region continued to violate international law and standards which prohibit the use of the death penalty for crimes that do not involve intentional killing. Between May 2018 and March 2019, Malaysia's government, which was then led by a progressive coalition, considered abolishing the death penalty, but relented under public pressure. This was reflected in Singapores introduction of an amendment to the U.N. resolution that asserts the sovereign right of all countries to develop their own legal systems, including determining appropriate legal penalties. The amendment was adopted with the support of 96 member states. Illuminating as its data may be, Amnesty International emphatically cautions that many of the report's numbers are best-guess minimum estimates, and that the true numbers of executions, death sentences, and "death row" prisoners are actually much higher. The countries in Oceania that most recently abolished the death penalty are Papua New Guinea (2022), Nauru (2016), and Fiji (2015). Despite executions being considered a state secret in Vietnam, the Ministry of Public Security reported in early 2017 that authorities executed 429 persons between 2013 and 2016. Death penalty 2020: Despite Covid-19, some countries ruthlessly pursued Only 39 countries voted against the resolution. [10][11][12], In 2021[update], public executions were carried out in Yemen. A view of the United Nations General Assembly, at UN headquarters, October 1, 2018. Extreme Only Death penalty is legal, but only used in extreme cases such as war crimes. 7 (4%) have abolished it for all crimes except those committed under exceptional circumstances (such as during war). Report, Trans-Pacific [1] It is commonly applied for murder and drug trafficking, [2] although it is also a legal penalty for various other offenses. Get briefed on the story of the week, and developing stories to watch across the Asia-Pacific. Your Tuesday Briefing: Uganda Enacts an Anti-Gay Law As such, values ending in "+" are minimum estimates based upon best available dataactual numbers are likely higher. For the past 12 years for which data is available (2009-2020), the U.S. has been the only country in the Americas to subject criminals to the death penalty. Death penalty for murder; blasphemy; homosexuality; adultery; treason; rape; robbery; incest; assisting the suicide of a person legally unable to consent; perjury in a capital case causing wrongful execution; terrorism; terrorist acts; some military offences; sodomy;[111] kidnapping and practice of indigenous beliefs in states applying Shariah law. [188][36], Although playing music, singing, and dancing are officially punishable only by corporal punishment, there have been occasions where the Taliban executed people for these offenses regardless. Similarly to the situation in Iran, the Iraqi legal system does not confine use of the death penalty to the most serious crimes. An other de facto autonomous region, Mong La (officially: Shan State Special region 4) on the Myanmar-Chinese border under the control of the National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA) is also reputed to carry out executions much like Wa State,[278] however information is less reliable as executions are not officially announced. 'My mother was missing - then I got a picture of her body', Modi vows punishments over deadly India rail crash, Three Israeli soldiers killed near Egypt border, 'My mother was missing, I got a picture of the body', Mystery of spy deaths in Italian boat accident. The table below lists in chronological order the 111 independent states, that are either UN members or have UN observer status, that have completely abolished the death penalty. Executions Around the World | Death Penalty Information Center We've taken a look at how many countries around the world still carry out the death penalty. The countries voting in favor of the moratorium should urgently take necessary steps towards abolition of the death penalty, and should press the 39 countries that voted against the measure to place a moratorium on executions. The one other form of execution that Chinese officials can legally invoke is death by lethal injection, which is seen as more humane and painless than a gunshot in most other nations. Share this via Printer, (Bangkok) Eleven countries from the Asia-Pacific region were among the small minority that voted against a United Nations resolution opposing the death penalty, Human Rights Watch said today. Guardian Capital punishment This article is more than 8 years old Asia-Pacific countries most prolific users of death penalty, Amnesty report shows Human rights report found use of capital. This figure represents the second lowest number of executions recorded by Amnesty International since at least 2010. [196], Myanmar carried out no executions between 1988 and 2022; it is now retentionist again. most controversial and hotly debated topics, number of prisoners on Death Row in South Korea, Death Sentences and Executions 2021 - Amnesty International, Amnesty International: Death penalty in 2020: Facts and figures, Death Penalty in 2021: Year End Report - Death Penalty Information Center, Countries that Have Abolished the Death Penalty Since 1976 - Death Penalty Information Center, A-Z of Countries and Regions - Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions 2020 - Amnesty International, Death Row 2022 - NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, List of Death Row Inmates in the United States- Wiki, List of People Executed in the United States in 2021 - Wiki. Anger in Belgium over verdict in student's hazing death, Beijing's comedy crackdown is hitting its music scene, Tracking the rise of Russias missile strikes on Kyiv, Why Indian politicians woo the diaspora in the US, 'There's no one way to be autistic' Video'There's no one way to be autistic', Why the city that never sleeps is slowly sinking. There are 14 member states of the United Nations in Oceania, of these: Only Tonga has not formally abolished capital punishment despite not using the practice since 1982. For example, China is known to be the world's leading executioner, but does not release any official data. 4", "St Kitts and Nevis: Execution is a shameless act", "Capital punishment and implementation of the safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those facing the death penalty", "Federal Laws Providing for the Death Penalty", "The death penalty for drug kingpins: constitutional and international implications", "American Samoa: Governor moves to repeal death penalty", "Myanmar: First executions in decades mark atrocious escalation in state repression", "Afghan Taliban carry out first public execution since takeover - Times of India", "Taliban to cut hands of thieves, reveals punishment for 'illegal intercourse', "Taliban execute folk singer days after saying music is 'forbidden,' family says", "Taliban Behead 17 for Singing and Dancing", "Afghan allies in hiding, executed in the street Jewish people know this haunting story", "Taliban murder pregnant policewoman in front of husband and children", "Bahrain executes three men the day after US reinstates federal death penalty", "Two executed for killing freedom fighter Shafiuddin Ahmed", "MP murder case: Bangla court awards death penalty to 22", "2003 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Bangladesh", "Brunei Law To Allow Death By Stoning For Gay Sex", "Saudi Arabia: Man beheaded after 30 yrs on death row", "Chinese billionaire mining tycoon Liu Han is executed over his links to a 'mafia-style' gang", "People's Republic of China: Executed "according to law"? For those countries that have ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, such executions are a breach of the Convention. [citation needed], Indonesia has an informal moratorium and Malaysia a formal one, but both have only been in place since 2018. Read about our approach to external linking. Uganda's president signed into law a wide-ranging anti-LGBTQ bill on Monday that imposes life imprisonment for same-sex activity and the death penalty in some cases, signaling an intensification . Countries which have abolished and since reinstated (e.g. Wa state (officially the Wa Self-Administered Division) is nominally a semi-autonomous division located in two disconnected regions within Shan State. Asia, South CCPR/CO/70/GAB (2000)", "Death Penalty: Hands Off Cain Announces Abolition in Gabon", "Gambia, Iraq executions buck worldwide abolitionist trend", "West Africa: Time to abolish the death penalty", "Gambia suspends death penalty in step towards abolition", "Gambia: 22 death sentences commuted to life imprisonment, a welcome step towards abolition", "Death Penalty News: Ghana referendum will abolish death sentence, weaken President's war powers", "Guinea: Death Penalty/Fear of Imminent Execution", "The Death Penalty Worldwide: Developments in 2003", "Armed Robbery, Hijacking and Terrorism Now Capitol Offenses in Liberia", "Libyan Court System And Criminal Justice", "ISIL fighters executed by Haftar's forces in Libya", "MADAGASCAR: MPS ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY", "Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty", "The death penalty worldwide: developments in 2004", "Islamic Teaching on the Consequences of Apostasy from Islam", "Morocco: New Moves to Abolish Death Penalty", "LEDAP condemns execution of prisoners in Edo, seeks repeal of death penalty Features Breaking News, Nigeria News and World News The Guardian Nigeria", "Rwanda's ban on executions helps bring genocide justice", "Sierra Leone: Amnesty International expresses dismay at 10 death sentences for treason", "Puntland military executes a man by firing squad for killing a colleague soldier", "Sudan: Khartoum authorities hang South Sudanese woman", "Sudan: Attorney General expects death penalty for islamist coup plotters", "TUNISIA TO MAINTAIN CAPITAL PUNISHMENT IN FUTURE CONSTITUTION", "Death Penalty: Uganda's Laws Favour Execution", "DEATH PENALTY: Uganda's Laws Favour Execution", "Uganda: Amnesty International calls on the Ugandan government to abolish the death penalty", "Uganda abolishes mandatory death penalty", "The Death Penalty in Antigua and Barbuda", "Death penalty 2016 Facts and figures | Amnesty International", "La historia reciente de la pena de muerte en la Argentina - Ricardo Canaletti", "Belize: Death Penalty, Gilroy "Hooty" Wade, Oscar "Negro" Catzim Mendez, Glenford Baptist", "The Constitution of the Republic of Bolivia said", "Colombia abolished the death penalty in 1910", "Cuba's Raul Castro commutes most death sentences", "Constitutional prohibitions of the death penalty", "Meet Maurice Bishop, Grenada's cherished revolutionary leader and president who was executed in 1983", "Guatemala: Death Penalty/imminent execution", "The Constitution of the Republic of Panama (1972) at Art. Suspended Death penalty is legal, but no executions have taken place in at least 10 years. Moreover, while China may be the most obvious example of data secrecy, it is far from alone. Amnesty International now (2022) recognises Myanmar's retentionist status, but notes that "Following Myanmar militarys issuance of Martial Law Order 3/2021, the authority to try civilians was transferred to special or existing military tribunals where individuals are tried through summary proceedings without right to appeal. This makes China retentionist only in the mainland. Saudi Arabia was the only country to list beheading as the method of execution. Previous resolutions called for governments to be transparent about the death penalty by publishing information about the age, race, sex, and nationality of people on death row, including the numbers of people sentenced, awaiting executions, and those whose sentences were commuted on appeal. Capital punishment is also an endangered species in several regions of the world, including Europe, which is a death penalty-free zone except for the dic . Why is Asia clinging to the death penalty? - UCA News While the country has not executed anyone since 2016, the organization Human Rights Watch (HRW) points out that it has approximately 274 people on death row, including 60 people. The death penalty in China", "Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste", "India executes four men convicted of bus gang rape and murder", "15 foreigners among 48 handed death penalty in Indonesia last year: Amnesty", "Execution of eight prisoners in one day including two for 'moharebeh', "Iran executions see 'unprecedented spike' - Amnesty", "Iran - Facts on Trafficking and Prostitution", "Human rights groups condemn Iraq's death penalty decision", "Kurdistan Region debates merit, ethics of using the death penalty", "Should those who assist suicide bombers be given the death penalty? The shocking number of people sitting on death row in Asia make the region an aberration in the global move towards abolition of the death penalty, Robertson said. The countries in the Americas that most recently abolished the death penalty are Suriname (2015), Argentina (2009), and Bolivia (2009). Do Russians really hate the West? From the 1960s onwards, abolition became far more popular. While in recent years the UWSA has reached a dtente with the Myanmar central authority, the Myanmar legal system does not apply in practice within Wa State. As such, while it is known that China likely puts more people to death than the rest of the world combined, even experts can only speculate as to the full scope of China's use of capital punishment. At present, therefore, 70 percent of all countries have abol ished capital punishment in law or practice. Many other countries withhold or at least filter data on capital punishment, including North Korea, Vietnam, Syria, and Taliban-controlled Afghanistan (since August 2021). [14] Chad abolished capital punishment in 2020, Sierra Leone in 2021, and the Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea and Zambia in 2022. Executions in the U.S. are carried out on a state level, although the federal government also participates in capital punishment when necessary. However, if a criminal has been found guilty of criminal activity that affected the country's military in some way or another, they are subject to death by firing squad. The resolution went further than previous versions. Japan has hung 131 Death Row inmates between 1993 and 2021, but only six from 2019-2021. Share this via Email Capital punishment in China - Wikipedia For more information see Capital punishment in Brazil. Malaysia, which voted in favor of the moratorium, holds approximately 1,324 people on death row. It was in the Kingdom of Tahiti (when the island was independent), in 1824, that for the first time in the world, a legislative assembly abolished the death penalty. Legal Death penalty is legal and in use. Death penalty for murder and treason. Data from Amnesty International states that at the end of 2021, 108 countries (and growing) had abolished the death penalty in law for all crimes, 144 countries had abolished the death penalty in law or practice, 28 countries had effectively abolished the death penalty by not executing anyone in the past 10 years, and 55 countries still retained the death penalty for ordinary crimes. Capital punishment in China is a legal penalty. The death penalty, also known as capital punishment, is one of the most controversial and hotly debated topics in the world. Share this via Reddit Asia, Southeast On November 17, the United Nations General Assembly voted on a resolution calling for a moratorium on the use of capital punishment. 3 states", "The Constitution of Paraguay (1992) at Art. Moreover, the city-state has been among the most forthright and confident defenders of the death penalty as a punishment for serious crimes. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], The 193 member states of the United Nations, and the two observer states, are usually divided in four categories based on their use of capital punishment. The grouping's exact role in the Indo-Pacific is the subject of considerable debate. In another concerning development, several countries known to obscure death sentence data have also been accused of applying the death sentence in ways that violate international law. However, many people in Asia are still being put to death. Asian Nations Reject UN Vote Against Death Penalty "The death penalty is, in our common experience, an atavistic relic from the past that should be shed in the 21st century", said UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Volker Trk in April, 2023, during the 52nd session of the Human Rights Council. Executions in this African country increased greatly in frequency after the 2011 revolution, and particularly since President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi took office in 2014. 1 (1%) maintain it both law and practice, however the death penalty is practiced by a government that is internationally illegal and does not control every part of the country. Another of the world's most frequent and secretive executors, Iraq is known for having overly vague and broad anti-terrorism lawswhich require the convicted be sentenced to death. In fact, the amendment was adopted with the support of 95 member states. Get updates on human rights issues from around the globe. 5 (14%) have abolished it for all crimes except those committed under exceptional circumstances (such as during war). To wit, death sentences are handed down and carried out regularly, most recently in 2020. View, About Most known executions took place in China, Iran, Egypt, Iraq and Saudi Arabia - in that order. Many human rights organizations accuse the Egyptian governmenet of using executions, which are often conducted in secret after unfair trials and confessions obtained through torture, as a means of suppressing political dissent among the populace. No additional countries banned the death penalty in 2019 for the second year in a row, but Amnesty says that 142 countries have either abolished the death penalty in law or in practice. Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka also have swelling numbers of inmates on death row, while in Singapore there are reportedly 50 people on death row who have exhausted all appeals. Photo: phill magakoe/AFP/GETTY. This resulted in a year-end total of some 28,670 individuals known to be living under a sentence of death. As such it is in principle subject to the laws, enforcement, and judicial system of Myanmar. [citation needed], Hong Kong and Macau are also listed below (they abolished the death penalty before their handover to China), but they are not included in the figures above as they do not have UN membership separate from China. BANGKOK: Thai police said on Monday (May 29) they have charged a Canadian man they described as a mercenary with the murder of an Indian gangster in the resort island of Phuket. These countries should appear as "abolished" on the eventual 2022 list, and as such, have been updated here. Abolition is also a pre-condition for entry into the European Union. Death penalty in 2020: Facts and figures - Amnesty International Singapore and Brunei voted against it, while the remaining five nations among them some of the regions most eager users of the death penalty abstained. Under international law and standards, executions carried out following unfair trials violate the prohibition against arbitrary deprivation of life, as well as the absolute prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment."[272]. During the recent years, Singapore came under scrutiny for executing drug traffickers in several high-profile cases, including Nagaenthran Dharmalingam who was hanged on 27 April 2022,[26] and Tangaraju Suppiah who was hanged on 26 April 2023. Of the 50 states and one federal district, 23 are abolitionist for ordinary crimes and 2 are abolitionist in practice for ordinary crimes. Egypt executed 24 people in 2022, down from 83 the year before. The UN member states call for a moratorium effectively neutralizes an amendment to the resolution that Singapore introduced on behalf of 33 countries including many in Asia that asserts the sovereign right of all countries to develop their own legal systems, including determining appropriate legal penalties. The method of execution employed in South Korea varies according to the crime. Moreover, 82% of these individuals were held in just nine countries: Iraq (8,000+), Pakistan (3,800+), Nigeria (3,036+), USA (2,382), Bangladesh (1,800+), Malaysia (1,359), Viet Nam (1,200+), Algeria (1,000+), and Sri Lanka (1,000+). At least 18 countries performed executions in 2021[update]:[13][36][37]. The only method of execution used in Japan is hanging, and the subjects are blindfolded and adorned in a hood before the trap door is released to initiate the execution. Since that time, the only deaths among convicts on Death Row have been due to suicide or illness. Uganda imposes death penalty for 'aggravated homosexuality' In March 2019, however, it backtracked, announcing that it would maintain the death penalty but would merely end the mandatory application of the punishment. Take Indonesia. [273] It was announced by the junta that the executions were carried out on 23 July 2022. Death penalty for murder; treason. The plight of Tangaraju Suppiah has attracted vocal international support, but a shift in policy from the city-state is unlikely. [3] [4] [5] In a survey conducted by the New York Times in 2014, it was found the death penalty retained . The overwhelming leader in executions is Texas, with 573 through 2021, followed by Oklahoma with 116 and Virginia with 113. Since 1985, there have been only five years when no country has abolished the death penalty: 2001, 2003, 2011, 2013, and 2018. Us, Write Dui Hua, a nongovernmental organization that tracks Chinas death penalty statistics, estimates that84,000 executionsoccurred in China between 2002 to 2018, though the numbers appear to be declining significantly since a 2007 decision allowing the Supreme Peoples Court to review all death sentences. [24], According to a 2017 report by the Myanmar National Human Rights Commission, 709 prisoners in 26 prisons across the country have had death sentences commuted to life imprisonment. people in the . At least 80 death sentences were handed down in 2019, a significant increase from the 48 handed down in 2018. Capital punishment by country - Wikipedia To start with, it is no surprise to see Singapore sitting squarely in the NO column. Human Rights Watch is a 501(C)(3)nonprofit registered in the US under EIN: 13-2875808. M. Ravi has been barred from practicing law for five years for accusing the attorney-general of being "overzealous" in his prosecution of a death row client. Roger Hood and Carolyn Hoyle (2008, 4th ed.). Of the other former Soviet republics, only Belarus and Tajikistan have not formally abolished capital punishment, and only Belarus uses it in practice. Opponents of the death penalty often equate it with murder, point out that it does not lower homicide rates, and feel the ends cannot justify the meansespecially when so many individuals are wrongly convicted. The date of the execution was not announced, and it currently (as of 10 April) is unknown whether or how the sentences will be carried out. Going backwards: The death penalty in Southeast Asia In its December 2007 resolution calling for a worldwide moratorium on the death penalty, the UN General Assembly stated that there is no conclusive evidence of the death penaltys deterrent value and that any miscarriage or failure of justice in the death penaltys implementation is irreversible and irreparable. According to Amnesty's figures, China consistently executes more people than any other country. Death penalty for murder, except where extenuating circumstances can be proved. Since 1976, the United States has employed five different methods of executing Death Row inmates. While the country has not executed anyone since 2016, the organization Human Rights Watch (HRW) points out that it has approximately 274 people on death row, including 60 people who have been there for more than 10 years.
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