Shahrbanoo Keshavarz Azizi Raftar, Fatemeh Ashrafian, Mohammad Reza Zali, Clara Depommier, Amandine Everard, Patrice D. Cani, Thunnicha Ondee, Krit Pongpirul, Asada Leelahavanichkul, Phebe Verbrugghe, Jn Brynjlfsson, Anne Nilsson, Yuheng Luo, Cong Lan, Andr-Denis G. Wright, Hassan M. Al-Emran, Jannatul Ferdouse Moon, Iqbal Kabir Jahid, Scientific Reports 76, 822839 (2018). However, most of the current researches focus on the . Hemarajata, P. & Versalovic, J. A critical review of the relationship between dietary components, the gut microbe Akkermansia muciniphila, and human health. 110, 90669071 (2013). 19, 219232 (2018). In Am group, there was a decrease in amount of Firmicutes, Enterobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae, and E. coli as well as increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Lactobacillus spp. Yoon, H. S. et al. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. As a result, daily supplementation of A. muciniphila generated a reduction in harmful bacteria and an increased population of beneficial microbiota that could be correlated with improving the immune and lipid homeostasis of mice in this study. Additionally, the upregulation of colonic il-1052 and increased IL-10 and decreased TNF- levels in intestinal fluid were observed in probiotics treated-normal animals53. Akkermansia muciniphila (Akkermansia) in your gut microbiome Increase (or introduce!) The three fundamental aspects of gut health include: the microbial population, physical structures, and regulatory immune function. Natl. Article Barros, C. P. et al. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Supplementation with A. muciniphila significantly regulated the lipid metabolism-related gene in the liver of mice. Through the combination of additional food sources for certain bacteria and fibres, OMNi-LOGiC PLUS improves our general well-being. Then, tissues were dehydrated in ascending graded series of ethanol. Collectively, viable and non-viable forms of probiotics can promote gut health in normal state, while non-viable form was more effective. Microbiol. the available evidence regarding the effects of Akkermansia, to conclude on its efficacy . In addition, several studies showed that alive, pasteurized A. muciniphila, its extracellular vesicles, and other derivatives cause a decrease in body weight, metabolism homeostasis, and combating obesity17,18,34,35. The gram-negative anaerobic bacterium Akkermansia Muciniphilia represents between 0.5 and 5% of all colonising commensal bacteria in the human gut and has a key differentiating characteristic over other commensal bacteria. PubMed Central The effect of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. Scand. After acclimation with standard Normal Diet (ND) (A03, safe diet, France), mice were randomly divided into three groups as follows: The mice were treated for five weeks includes (1) ND+200l PBS (C), (2) ND+109CFU /200l alive A. muciniphila (Am), and (3) ND+109CFU /200l pasteurized A. muciniphila (PAm). The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of alive and pasteurized A. muciniphila on health status, intestinal integrity, immune response, lipid metabolism, and gut microbial composition in normal-diet fed mice as well as direct effects of the bacterium on Caco-2 cell line. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that supplementation of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium reduced lipid profiles in healthy adults41,44. However, alive A. muciniphila had no effect in il-6 mRNA expression and induced a slight increase in tlr-4 and tnf- genes expression (Fig. reducing the level of TG, TC, and LDL and raising HDL as well as decreasing Glu, ALT, and AST. An imbalance of specific intestinal bacteria can lead to increased inflammation in the intestines, resulting in a so-called silent inflammation. 1C). Microb. Finally, gDNA of samples were stored at20C. performed the most of experiments, analyzed data and wrote the manuscript. We found that orally administrated both forms of A. muciniphila triggered hepatic immune response-/lipid metabolism-related genes in study groups, which indicated improving liver health. Several lines of evidence have indicated that A. muciniphila, as a closer epithelial bacterium, have an impact on health promotion7,23. tlr-4, tnf-, and il-6) and (C) lipid metabolism-related genes (e.g. Akkermansia muciniphila, a symbiotic bacterium of the mucus layer, can utilize mucin as its sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. Nagpal, R. et al. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles CAS In consistent with our research, normal mice treated with alive A. muciniphila showed a decrease in body and adipose weight gain7,18. Moreover, previous in vivo studies reported the reduction of glucose18,24, ALT, and AST after alive A. muciniphila administration in ND-fed mice24. Allam-Ndoul, B. et al. Microbiol. Each stool sample was weighted at 180mg and homogenized, then bacterial genomic DNA was extracted using a QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen, USA, Cat No. Austria. Taken together, these observations in our and other experiments have shown that the administration of A. muciniphila provided some health benefits in multiple tissues, which are correlated with lowering the risk of various diseases. Ecol. CAS You are currently visiting our European website. Microbiol. 7, 30 (2016). This study illustrates that consumption of the particular probiotic strain B420 has a novel role in modifying the microbiome in addition to supporting weight management. 3 times daily, stir 1 level measuring spoon of OMNi-LOGiC PLUS (= 5 g) into a glass of water/juice, etc. 19, 122 (2020). PubMed ppar- and tgf-) in the eWAT of ND-fed mice. In our study, we demonstrated lowering-body, -liver, and -eWAT weight impact of both forms of A. muciniphila in study groups. analyzed data. Disord. For this reason, therapies that only address one of these facets do not typically provide total restoration of a dysfunctional GI tract. CAS Moreover, we demonstrated that the Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio did not have a significant change following both treatments, while contradictory data have been reported on the F/B ratio, which may be due to many lifestyle-associated factors or methodological differences68. Vitaminol. Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) Hepatol. After growth, the bacterium was inoculated into the broth with mild shaking under the above-mentioned conditions. An increase in the Akkermansia spp. Food Sci. Plovier, H. et al. A sequence of primers used in this study is shown in Supplementary Table 1. Four samples from each group were used for pathology examination. Mechanistically, A. muciniphila decreased pro-inflammatory-associated pathways, particularly that of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6, in both the peripheral blood and hippocampal profiles, which was correlated with cognitive function improvement. Both treatments increased il-10 expression, while the live form had a greater effect on maintain liver health (p value<0.0001) (Fig. J. Mol. Akkermansia muciniphila is a commensal bacterium using mucin as its sole carbon and nitrogen source.A. Safety assessment of probiotics for human use. A sequence of primers used in this study is shown in Supplementary Table 1. (A) Histopathology of liver (White Arrows: accumulation of lipids droplets) (4 samples per group). As shown in Table 1, more reduction in concentrations of TNF- and IL-6 was observed in PAm group (p value<0.0001 and<0.0001, respectively), while in case of IL-10, alive A. muciniphila had a better effect (p value<0.0001). Health Dis. Pathol. Nutrients 11, 2642 (2019). Mol. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), an intestinal symbiont colonizing in the mucosal layer, is considered to be a promising candidate as probiotics. Moreover, A. muciniphila may have a value in modifying cancer treatment. Relative mRNA expression of (B) inflammation-related genes (e.g. In addition, when overweight or obese people undergo calorie-restricted diet therapy, the effect of improving insulin resistance has . The liver, colon, and adipose were homogenized and RNA was extracted by Trizol reagent (Bio Basic, Canada). ABSTRACT. C: normal diet+PBS, Am: normal diet+A. muciniphila (109CFU), PAm: normal diet+pasteurized A. muciniphila (109CFU). Tel: 0845 528 1296. supervised the study. Among next-generation probiotics, A. muciniphila is widely used for its positive roles in the treatment of various diseases and also for animal and human health preservation7,17,18,24,25,29. Commensal microbiota induces colonic barrier structure and functions that contribute to homeostasis. . Google Scholar. Real-time PCR was carried out by RealQ Plus Master Mix Green (Amplicon, Denmark). A guide to histomorphological evaluation of intestinal inflammation in mouse models. level (p value 0.04) (Fig. 10, 2155 (2019). MathSciNet R.Y. muciniphila is known to have an important value in improving the host metabolic functions and immune responses. Dogi, C. et al. Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: Relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Brown, A. C., Shovic, A., Ibrahim, S., Holck, P. & Huang, A. 11, 58 (2005). Nutr. A mouse model of MPTP-induced PD was found to exhibit increased Akkermansia abundance, and treatment with Korean red ginseng could suppress the high A. muciniphila abundance and inhibit dopaminergic neuronal death and inflammation in the substantia nigra and colon (Jeon et al. Google Scholar. CAS Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: Mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation. Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila increases whole-body energy expenditure and fecal energy excretion in diet-induced obese mice. Eur. The latter are connections (membrane proteins) between the cells of the intestinal mucosa and ensure that important nutrients are selected and separated from harmful substances. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is present in the human gut microbiota from infancy and gradually increases in adulthood. (4 samples per group). CAS Scale bar is 50m. Yaghoubfar, R. et al. Do you have type 2 diabetes? 5B). The mean relative abundance at (C) Family/Class and (D) Genus. The significantly higher induction of down-regulating cldn-2 was seen in Am group (p value<0.0001). Ginkgo Ginseng Glucosamine Herbal Homoeopathy Iron Multivitamin Omega 3 Fatty Acids Probiotics Turmeric & Honey Vitamin B12 Vitamin C Vitamin D Zinc Detox Seasonal Allergy Prescription only Bone Health Brain Sexual Health Skin Care Cardiovascular Health Slimming Circulation Sports Nutrition In addition, both treatments reduced TG concentration as compared to C group, but there was no difference between Am and PAm groups. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics: Concepts and potential applications in dairy products. Gut 63, 727735 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308778 (2016). In humans with high body weight, body mass index (BMI), blood cholesterol level, and fasting blood glucose level, it is suggested that the abundance of Akkermansia in the gut is lower than that in the gut of healthy humans. Altern. non-digestible oligosaccharides that can increase microbial diversity and selectively feed beneficial bacteria like Akkermansia muciniphila, . Front. 5D). #RR820L) were used for RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and real-time PCR, respectively. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. The probiotic strain animalis ssp. Decis. Since inflammation in white adipose tissue is a key factor in the onset of metabolic disorders, therefore, alive and pasteurized A. muciniphila wereadministratedtoND-fedmice to determine if they would control and prevent adipo-inflammation to preserve healthy adipose. Google Scholar. 8, 1765 (2017). All Animal procedures were approved by the Animal Experiment Committee of the Pasteur Institute of Iran (IR.PII.REC.1395.010) and confirming that all experiments were performed in this study in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Supports normal digestive enzyme activity (Calcium) and maintains a normal intestinal mucosa (Vitamin B2). Cell Fact. J. Diabetes Metab. The mean relative abundance at (A) phylum. 50, 450 (2018). abundance was observed in PAm group. PubMed Health benefits of probiotics are reported by reducing body and metabolic tissues weight gain as well as preventing fat mass development and liver injury32,33. However, not all bacterial strains can be easily taken in form of dietary supplements a big part of our intestinal bacteria are strictly anaerobic and cannot be cultivated or stored outside the body. Alive A. muciniphila induced a higher mRNA level of ppar- (p value<0.0001), while pasteurized form had a better effect on lowering ppar- expression (p value<0.0003). performed labratory experiments. MegaMucosa is the first complete mucosal support supplement of its kind, formulated with key amino acids to REBUILD a healthy mucosal barrier. A decrease in Enterobacteriaceae (p value 0.006) and Prevotellaceae (p value 0.008) abundance in Am group as well as in -Proteobacteria (p value 0.02) and Clostridia spp. On the other hand, no inflammatory reactions were present in both study groups (Fig. Akkermansia muciniphila Prevents fatty liver disease, decreases serum triglycerides, and maintains gut homeostasis. MegaPreBiotic REINFORCES the beneficial microbial changes created by MegaSporeBiotic to promote a strong and diverse microbiome. A tendency to decrease biochemical parameters level after both treatments were observed, which accompanied by regulating lipid profiles i.e. Correspondence to Nat. Researchers reported that probiotics and para-probiotics have an important role in restoring health and ameliorating diseases12,17,18,24,25. Many researchers have confirmed a reduction in the bacterium frequency associated with several diseases12,13,14. Effects of probiotics on body weight, body mass index, fat mass and fat percentage in subjects with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Zhao, S. et al. This unique all-spore formula effectively RECONDITIONS the gut by increasing microbial diversity and encouraging the growth of key health-promoting, commensal gut bacteria. Ashrafian, F. et al. J. Immunol. The expression of tnf- significantly reduced following both treatments, however, there was no significant difference between both of them. Mice were gavaged with a live and pasteurized A. muciniphila (109CFU) for 5weeks. Lactobacillus rhamnosus cncmi-4317 modulates fiaf/angptl4 in intestinal epithelial cells and circulating level in mice. Google Scholar. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), an intestinal symbiont colonizing in the mucosal layer, is considered to be a promising candidate as probiotics.A. 20, 15 (2021). Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. In these regards, A. muciniphila, which grown in mucin-based medium, induced an increase in intestinal integrity and modulated immune response in ND mice and cell line18,20,51. This is the main reason why the anaerobic bacteria need prebiotics as food. However, most of the current researches focus on the . The first tissue exposed to diet-derived nutrients is the gastrointestinal tract, which has cross-talks with other organs by impacting different signaling pathways49.
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