The method uses the biological/microbial populations present in the rhizosphere Xin B-P, Wu C-H, Wu C-H, Lin C-W. Bioaugmented remediation of high concentration BTEX-contaminated groundwater by permeable reactive barrier with immobilized bead. Microbial community profiling of active oleophilic bacteria involved in bioreactor-based crude-oil polluted sediment treatment. This debate is due to the site of treatment. 2013). Plangklang P, Alissara Reungsang A. Bioaugmentation of carbofuran by Burkholderia cepacia PCL3 in a bioslurry phase sequencing batch reactor. Therefore, choosing appropriate bioremediation technique, which will effectively reduce pollutant concentrations to an innocuous state, is crucial for a successful bioremediation project. Evaluation of the effects of metals on biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons. WebGenomics Approach to Bioremediation Provides insights into the various aspects of microbial genomics and biotechnology for environmental cleanup In recent years, the application of Besides, it is possible that other remediation techniques (Pavel and Gavrilescu 2008), which might as well be more economical, and efficient to apply during remediation, are considered when remediation of sites polluted with pollutants aside from hydrocarbons are involved. 2015). Biosparging has been widely used in treating aquifers contaminated with petroleum products, especially diesel and kerosene. Paudyn K, Rutter A, Rowe RK, Poland JS. Nowadays, the world is facing the problem of different environmental pollution. Almansoory AF, Hasan HA, Idris M, Abdullah SRS, Anuar N. Potential application of a biosurfactant in phytoremediation technology for treatment of gasoline-contaminatedsoil. 2015). Saravanan V, Rajasimman M, Rajamohan N. Performance of packed bed biofilter during transient operating conditions on removal of xylene vapour. Nonetheless, bioremediation has been proven efficient and reliable in the remediation of many contaminated sites due to its ecofriendly characteristics. Microbial and plant-assisted bioremediation as well as other types of combination approaches would further enhance the efficacy of bioremediation (Ojuederie and Babalola, 2017). More so, Sun et al. Generally, excavated polluted soils are carefully applied on a fixed layer support above the ground surface to allow aerobic biodegradation of pollutant by autochthonous microorganisms (Philp and Atlas 2005; Paudyn et al. Baric M, Pierro L, Pietrangeli B, Papini MP. Exploiting the intrinsic microbial degradative potential for field-based in situ dechlorination of trichloroethene contaminated groundwater. Geological characteristics of polluted site(s) including soil type, pollutant depth and type, site location relative to human habitation and performance characteristics of each bioremediation technique should be incorporated in deciding the most suitable and efficient method to effectively treat polluted sites. At the same time, bioaugmentation was observed to be more effective in removing high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs from polluted sample used for the pilot study, resulting in >22% reduction in HMWPAHs, whereas with biostimulation, the maximum reduction in individual HWMPAHs (46 ring-PAHs) were only 10.85%. Folch A, Vilaplana M, Amado L, Vicent R, Caminal G. Fungal permeable reactive barrier to remediate groundwater in an artificial aquifer. WebBioremediation Journal is a peer-reviewed quarterly that publishes current, original laboratory, bench, pilot-scale, and field research in biodegradation and bioremediation, Evaluating the efficacy of bioremediating a diesel-contaminated soil using ecotoxicological and bacterial community indices. Due to excavation processes associated with ex situ bioremediation, pollutant inhomogeneity as a result of depth, non-uniform concentration and distribution, can easily be curbed by effectively optimizing some process parameters (temperature, pH, mixing) of any ex situ technique to enhance bioremediation process. Following complete free products removal, the system can easily be made to operate as a conventional bioventing system to complete remediation process (Kim et al. Each year research scientists have noticed a rise in the number of congresses being held in this field. Nevertheless, it was reported that polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biodegradable polymer, has a slow-release nutrient (carbon) capability, which promoted biological activity when used as a barrier, resulting in enhanced removal of chlorinated compounds (Baric et al. These techniques allow modifications of biological, chemical and physico-chemical conditions and parameters necessary for effective and efficient bioremediation. 2015). Bioremediation techniques. Understanding the anaerobic BTEX removal in continuous-flow bioreactors for, Fodelianakis S, Antoniou E, Mapelli F, Magagnini M, Nikolopoulou M, Marasco R, Barbato M, Tsiola A, Tsikopoulou I, Giaccaglia L, Mahjoubi M, Jaouani A, Amer R, Hussein E, Al-Horani FA, Benzha F, Blaghen M, Malkawi HI, Abdel-Fattah Y, Cherif A, Daffonchio D, Kalogerakis N. Allochthonous bioaugmentation in. Nanomaterials increase surface area and lower activation energy, thereby increasing the efficiency of microorganisms in degradation of waste and toxic materials, resulting in overall reduction in remediation time and cost (Rizwan et al. Application of in situ biosparging to remediate a petroleum-hydrocarbon spill site: field and microbial evaluation. 2009). Generally, ex situ bioremediation techniques tend to be faster, easier to control and can be used to treat wide range of pollutants (Prokop et al. Ex situ bioremediation techniques are unlikely to be used in some sites such as under buildings, inner city and working sites (Philp and Atlas 2005). Bioremediation is the process of reduction, elimination, alteration, and transformation of contaminants present in the natural environment like soil, sediments, air, and water through the application of microorganisms, fungi, green plants, or their enzymes. Polluted samples can be fed into a bioreactor either as dry matter or slurry; in either case, the use of bioreactor in treating polluted soil has several advantages compared to other ex situ bioremediation techniques. In: Atlas RM, Philp JC, editors. It does not require any excavation; therefore, it is accompanied by little or no disturbance to soil structure. 2009). Some pollutants removed by bioreactor-based bioremediation. From:Microbial 2013). Ali H, Khan E, Sajad MA. Nevertheless, it was reported that tillage and irrigation without nutrient addition in a soil with appropriate biological activity increased heterotrophic and diesel-degrading bacterial counts thus enhancing the rate of bioremediation; dehydrogenase activity was also observed to be a good indicator of biostimulation treatment and could be used as a biological parameter in land farming technology (Silva-Castro et al. 2015; Ramrez et al. An alternative to enhancing the quality of the ex-siltstone mining soil so that it can be used again as agricultural land is the application of biocompost fertilizer. Rayner JL, Snape I, Walworth JL, Harvey PM, Ferguson SH. New bioremediation material can clean forever chemicals 2013) that in some contaminated environments, the process of contaminant removal by plant involves: uptake, which is largely by passive process, translocation from roots to shoots, which is carried out by xylem flow, and accumulation in shoot. Henderson AD, Demond AH. 2014; Zhou et al. Aislabie J, Saul DJ, Foght JM. It has been reported that when a pollutant lies <1m below ground surface, bioremediation might proceed without excavation, while pollutant lying >1.7m needs to be transported to ground surface for bioremediation to be effectively enhanced (Nikolopoulou et al. Moreover, it was reported that intrinsic bioremediation does not result in adequate polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal and corresponding reduction in polluted soil eco-toxicity (Garca-Delgado et al. Adelaja O, Keshavarz T, Kyazze G. Enhanced biodegradation of phenanthrene using different inoculum types in a microbial fuel cell. Therefore, choosing appropriate bioremediation technique, which will effectively reduce pollutant concentrations to an innocuous state, is crucial for a successful bioremediation project. Apparently, taking into consideration site of application, bioremediation techniques can be categorized as: ex situ or in situ. Despite quick and safe removal of contaminating oil being of utmost importance, remediation methods have remained largely unchanged over the last 20+ years. Lee JH. Therefore, cost-effective advanced site characterization methods and improved PRB designs will in turn increase the effectiveness of the technique (Gibert et al. Petroleumhydrocarbon contamination and remediation by microbioventing at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. Although bioremediation techniques are diverse (Fig. Biostimulation involves the addition of nutrients or substrates to a polluted sample in order to stimulate the activities of autochthonous microbes. An overview of phytoremediation as a potentially promising technology for environmental pollution control. Bioremediation Articles Thus far, several good definitions have been given to bioremediation, with particular emphasis on one of the processes (degradation). Remediation of polluted sites using microbial process (bioremediation) has proven effective and reliable due to its eco-friendly features. This review provides more insight into the two major bioremediation techniques, their principles, advantages, limitations and prospects. Bioremediation Techniques for Polluted Environment During on-site field trials, achieving similar results obtained during laboratory studies is not always attainable due to other environmental factors and different characteristics of the unsaturated zone to which air is injected; as a result, with bioventing, treatment time may be prolonged. On the other hand, organic pollutants (hydrocarbons and chlorinated compounds) are predominantly removed by degradation, rhizoremediation, stabilization and volatilization, with mineralization being possible when some plants such as willow and alfalfa are used (Meagher 2000; Kuiper et al. The construction of a suitable land farming design with an impermeable liner minimizes leaching of pollutant into neighbouring areas during bioremediation operation (da Silva et al. The system uses a slurp that extends into the free product layer, which draws up liquids (free products and soil gas) from this layer in a manner similar to that of how a straw draws liquid from any vessel. Gidarakos E, Aivalioti M. Large scale and long term application of bioslurping: the case of a Greek petroleum refinery site. Hhener P, Ponsin V. In situ vadose zone bioremediation. Despite the fact that bioventing design is to encourage aeration in unsaturated zone, it can be used for anaerobic bioremediation process especially in treating vadose zone polluted with chlorinated compounds, which are recalcitrant under aerobic conditions. Recently, Thijs et al. Environmental pollution has been on the rise in the past few decades owing to increased human activities on energy reservoirs, unsafe agricultural practices and rapid industrialization. WebGenomics Approach to Bioremediation Provides insights into the various aspects of microbial genomics and biotechnology for environmental cleanup In recent years, the application of genomics to biodegradation and bioremediation research has led to a better understanding of the metabolic capabilities of microorganisms, their interactions with hazardous and toxic This study intends to investigate how biocompost might enhance the ex-siltstone mining Mohan SV, Sirisha K, Rao NC, Sarma PN, Reddy SJ. Microorganisms are essential for a key alternative solution to overcome challenges. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, PMB 5323, Choba, Port Harcourt, 500004 Rivers State Nigeria. Ecofriendly application of nanomaterials: nanobioremediation. Microbial biodegradation of plastics: Challenges, opportunities, and
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