Kapusta ND, Mossaheb N, Etzersdorfer E, Hlavin G, Thau K, Willeit M, et al. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1406251111, 27. If you pierce the battery (either by accident . Zaidan M, Stucker F, Stengel B, Vasiliu V, Hummel A, Landais P, et al. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. (2001) 41:789813. The information on this site is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. This size is large enough for statistically reliable enrichment analysis. The major issue with lithium-ion batteries overheating is a phenomenon known as thermal runaway. Cancer morbidity in psychiatric patients: influence of lithium carbonate treatment. (1990) 25:10513. Arch Biochem Biophys. Psychiatr Clin. doi: 10.1016/S0028-3908(98)00197-X, 34. An official website of the United States government. The steps are: (1) From the experimental literature, identify the lithium-sensitive enzymes, (2) using the STRING database, construct the interactome of each of the lithium-sensitive enzymes, (3) For each interactome, construct 1,000 null sets consisting of proteins randomly chosen from the entire human proteome with each null set containing the same number as the interactome, (4) for each interactome and null set, calculate the degree of identity with the list of proteins from each cancer-relevant pathway, (5) for each interactome-pathway combination, tabulate the number of times the null set has equal or greater degree of identity with the pathway set than does the interactome. Table 1. Lithium can help stabilize a person's mood, but it may also cause adverse effects, such as diarrhea, tremors, and weight gain. Whereas, changes in the concentrations of other ions of more than a few percent have severe acute adverse consequences, the human body adjusts without acute adverse consequence to changes in lithium concentrations of several orders of magnitude. Myth: Exposure to the electromagnetic fields of the battery in an electric vehicle could cause cancer. The fundamental question we address is whether there is significant overlap or mutual enrichment between the interactomes of lithium-sensitive proteins and the pathways implicated in various cancers. (2009) 194:4645. Lithium-ion batteries can produce dozens of dangerous gases when overheated, according to a new study from the Institute of NBC Defence and Tsinghua University in China. Gout E, Rbeill F, Douce R, Bligny R. Interplay of Mg2+, ADP, and ATP in the cytosol and mitochondria: unravelling the role of Mg2+ in cell respiration. Known as the Victorian Big Battery, the 300-megawatt battery can store enough energy to power more than a million homes for 30 minutes. Lithium chloride suppresses colorectal cancer cell survival and proliferation through ROS/GSK-3/NF-B signaling pathway. And here he helps explain the key issues, and potential solutions, regarding lithium-ion battery safety. The original article by Markham Heid was published on the blogging platform Medium. The .gov means its official. Miniati M, Conversano C, Palagini L, Buccianelli B, Fabrini M, Mancino M, Laliscia C, Marazziti D, Paiar F, Gemignani A. Clin Neuropsychiatry. Can lithium cause cancer | HealthTap Online Doctor (2010) 19:30918. Quora - A place to share knowledge and better understand the world Autophagy is a key cellular process in the inhibition of cancer (20). Visual representation of mutual enrichment patterns between specific cancer pathways and the interactomes of lithium-sensitive gene products. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61516-X, 64. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-1374, 54. Han S, Meng L, Jiang Y, Cheng W, Tie Xia XJ, et al. A common underlying biophysical basis for competition between lithium and magnesium for modulating phosphate-transfer enzymes, is suggested by noting that the primary energy source for cells and the substrate for phosphorylating enzymes is not bare ATP, but rather magnesium-associated ATP (MgATP) (26). Lithium-treated bipolar patients, on the other hand, had essentially the same cancer incidence as the general population. Recycle Lithium Ion Batteries Bottom Line Lithium prices doubled in 2018 because of the steady increase in demand. A drug cocktail, including lithium, was trialled in seven glioblastoma patients and demonstrated increased survival (Furuta 2017). Chemical carcinogenesis shows significant mutual enrichment with only one of the interactomes, that of IMPAD1. In the literature we find evidence for direct lithium inhibition of 17 human magnesium-dependent phosphate-transfer enzymes, as follows: A review by Phiel and Klein (34) identified five (IMPase, IPPase, FBPase, BPntase, and GSK3B). December 13, 2018 White pills The European Medicine Agency has reported that there may be an association between long-term lithium use and reports of both renal tumors and thyroid cancer. doi: 10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108, 45. Endocannabinoids, CBD & Womens Health, Redefining Nutritional Psychiatry Conference, Nutrition for Borderline Personality (BPD) Seminar, Optimizing ADHD Treatment with Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs), Nutritional Lithium: Orchestrating Our Genes & Optimizing Our Moods, Borderline Personality Disorder Treatment: Impact of Cholesterol and Omega-3s, Nutritional Psychiatry: The Link Between Diet and Mental Health. We spoke to UNSW expert, Dr. Matthew Priestley from the Energy Systems Research Group in the School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, to discover what the safety concerns are regarding lithium-ion batteries. Lithium side effects: Long term and short term - Medical News Today Batteries inserted into the nose or ear can also cause problems, such as nose bleeds or bleeding from the ear. Conclusion: A promising strategy is to combine lithium with other therapies. "We want and need this energy storage technology to be safe because they are vital in the uptake of renewable energy and it's important that the public and industry do not perceive it to be dangerous. Lithium: occurrence, dietary intakes, nutritional essentiality. Names and synonyms for the known human lithium-sensitive enzymes and the genes that code for them, derived from entries in the UniProt database. For each of the 17 lithium sets, an ensemble of 1,000 null sets are generated by random selection from the human genome. The STRING database in 2017: quality-controlled protein-protein association networks, made broadly accessible. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Yes! (2007) 26:3279. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210421, 57. de Roos NM, de Vries JHM, Katan MB. 1. Figure 1. Kitano H. Systems biology: a brief overview. Biol Trace Element Res. Method: doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.091041, 70. Nucleic Acids Res. For the remainder of the genes and the remainder of the cancers, the relationship between the lithium-sensitive interactome and the cancer phenotype is strong. 8600 Rockville Pike The role of Lithium (Li) in cancer proliferation/inhibition is still a controversial issue in the literature. Sign up for your ride & drive here: Take the pledge to make your next car electric! As such, lithium can influence both pathways by decreasing GSK-3 activity. Because lithium affects many different biological molecules and processes (2), it is essential to utilize the tools of systems biology (39) if a comprehensive understanding of lithium action and its prospects for therapy are to be obtained. An equally useful and complementary tool is the STRING database of interacting proteins (41). Five genes stand out as being not strongly connected to these cancer pathways: BPNT1, HIPK3, ADCY2, ADCY5, and ADCY7. 2019;33(10):2429-2441. doi:10.1038/s41375-019-0454-4, Kotliarova S, Pastorino S, Kovell LC, et al. Why Lithium Batteries Catch Fire. Zeligs KP, Neuman MK, Annunziata CM. "I don't think there is enough education regarding proper use, and storage, and recycling or disposal of lithium-ion batteries and that is the key moving forward.". Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. Because lithium therapy is systemic rather than topical or local, it follows that lithium might inhibit metastasis. They found psychiatric patients on lithium had a 10% lower risk of cancer than psychiatric patients without. This gives us a measure of the false discovery rate, since any overlap between the null sets and the KEGG pathways is purely accidental. Phiel CJ, Klein PS. However, we do not guarantee individual replies due to the high volume of messages. bioRxiv. Br J Psychiatry. Other external factor can cause a lithium-ion battery to fail, too. Although studies have linked EMF exposure with serious health issues, the exposure an EV driver would be experiencing is lower than 20% of the value recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Hallcher LM, Sherman WR. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Lithium has many widely varying biochemical and phenomenological effects, suggesting that a systems biology approach is required to understand its action. Visual representation of mutual enrichment patterns between signaling pathways implicated in cancer and the interactomes of lithium-sensitive gene products. Yumiko M, Shimada K, Ishiguro K, Hattori N. Lithium and autophagy. Li-phosphate has higher self-discharge that other Li-ion, and this complicates cell balancing (See BU-802b: What does Elevated Self-discharge do?) In addition to the labeled specific cancer pathways we extended the analysis to signaling pathways in which dysfunction is implicated in cancer, as indicated in the literature (4956). Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 as a Putative Therapeutic Target for Bipolar Disorder. (2002) 295:16624. The toxicity of lithium to human cardiomyocytes | Environmental A study carried out by the Hospital Clnic's Depressive and Bipolar Disorders Unit reviews the data from over 59,000 patients with this disorder and concludes that they have a 20% higher risk of developing cancer, but that this can be reduced to 5% thanks to treatment with lithium. Bain J, Plater L, Elliott M, Shpiro N, Hastie CJ, Mclauchlan H, et al. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. These effects are tied to decreased activity of a number of different oncogenes influenced by the pathway (Ma 2019, Peng 2013). A recent story in Harper's Bazaar looks into the claims. Kieran MW, Kalluri R, Cho Y-J. However, this level has some side effects when sustained for years or decades, namely an increased risk of kidney damage and lowered thyroid activity (63). doi: 10.1007/s00428-005-1264-9, 55. Lithium has been shown to induce autophagy, due to its inhibition of inositol monophosphatase (21). Electric Vehicle Battery Pollution These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Am J Physiol. The archaeal enzyme has high homology (30% identical, 50% similar) to its human counterpart and functions in the same magnesium-dependent manner. Neuropharmacology. Lithium inhibits cell viability and proliferation of human cardiomyocytes. (2016) 387:108593. Use of lithium and cancer risk in patients with bipolar disorder: population-based cohort study. doi: 10.1007/BF02783685, 62. Stop Using Lithium Batteries 2. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Myth BUSTED: The magnetic fields in electric vehicles pose no danger because their electromagnetic field levels are below the recommended standards. The content is provided for information purposes only. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Then the fraction of null set uncorrected p-values smaller than or equal to the lithium-sensitive set uncorrected p-value would be the empirical p-value. "What we are worried about at the moment is the fact there is very little regulation regarding lithium-ion batteries and the safety aspect associated with that," Dr. Priestley says. Acne-like rash. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. With the addition of GSK3A (38), we have a list of 17 phosphate-transfer enzymes directly inhibited by lithium. What Causes Lithium Toxicity? Accidental Overdose and its Effects - WebMD doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw937, 42. Therefore, we suggest that the correct question to ask with respect to lithium and a particular disease is not, Should lithium be administered for this particular disease? but rather, What is the optimum blood level of lithium for this individual, given his or her disease history, status, genetic propensities, and other medications? Unlike some pharmaceuticals that are more specific and inhibit or activate one gene or a small number of genes, the model for lithium action is that it alters the balance between a large number of interacting processes and pathways. 2011;16(4):452-457. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2010-0323, Home Nucleic Acids Res. (2014) 2014:241864. doi: 10.1155/2014/241864, 15. As such, lithium can influence both pathways by decreasing GSK-3 activity. Unlike the lead-acid batteries in traditional motor, both NiMH and lithium-ion batteries are classified as non-hazardous except in California, where all batteries need special treatment. Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02198859, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Nucleic Acids Res. For all its complexity, there are only a few confirmed targets of lithium that show enzyme inhibition and biological consequences at achievable lithium concentrations: inositol monophosphatase and the related magnesium-dependent phosphomonoesterases and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) (Hallcher 1980, Phiel 2001). While MYC is considered an oncogene, it has both pro and anticarcinogenic activity. Red or dark orange indicates very strong enrichment while lighter color indicates weak or, if white, no enrichment. We hope that the results described in this paper will contribute to prioritizing and designing clinical trials of lithium for cancer. Vieta E, Owen R, Baudelet C, McQuade RD, Sanchez R, Marcus RN. Important concepts for organizing biological information in a systems context are pathways and networks. Is competition between Li+ and Mg2+ the underlying theme in the proposed mechanisms for the pharmacological action of lithium salts in bipolar disorder? WNT activation by lithium abrogates TP53 mutation associated radiation resistance in medulloblastoma. Method: A retrospective cohort study was designed using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. All Rights Reserved. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.035, 50. We will be holding an electric vehicle ride & drive event where you can test drive any of the electric vehicles shown below. One study found that rats who were exposed to high levels of lithium had an increased risk of developing certain types of tumors. However, lithium-ion batteries are more useful and therefore much more popular as they combine fast charging, long charge holding and high power density, for more battery life in a smaller package. (2018) 12:933. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00933, 4. In response to lithium, the pathway has a biphasic response. Metals such as lithium and cobalt provide examples of the awkward issues that lie ahead, said Herrington. As a result, the toxic chemicals released into the air negatively affect our breathing and contribute to global warming. (2013) 47:40711. Growing evidence identifies effects of Li on cancer proliferation through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), modulations of redox status, inflammatory changes, pro-/anti-apoptotic mechanisms, and mitochondrial function changes. doi: 10.4088/JCP.13m08741, 71. They are common to University operations and used in many research applications. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.055798, 66. Cancer Res. doi: 10.1038/sj.cr.7310078, 13. Lithium-ion batteries found to produce toxic gases This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). In lower levels, MYC can promote cancer. The ASA's statement on p-values: context, process, and purpose. Behav Brain Res. Based on this admittedly small amount of data, we consider the possibility that lithium generally associates with magnesium-phosphate complexes and thus has the potential to modulate to some extent a large number of phosphorylation reactions and ATP-splitting processes. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.789, 35. Special lithium-ion gel extinguishers do exist but are not yet widely available for all lithium-ion battery applications. (2016) 111:294300. Phiel CJ, Klein PS. Front. Be very wary if a lithium-ion battery sustains any physical damage, such as being dropped or pierced by an object, as this can lead to leakage and potential problems. doi: 10.1002/pros.21300, 11. This study confirms the safety and efficacy of the main . Huang DW, Sherman BT, Richard A, Lempicki RA. (2017) 116:1302. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2017.89, 24. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the (24) reported that lithium abrogated TP53-mutant radiation resistance in medulloblastomas, showing that effectiveness of radiation therapy may be enhanced by augmenting with lithium. 1993;301(2):411-415. doi:10.1006/abbi.1993.1164, Frnsinn C, Noe C, Herdlicka R, et al. (23) reported success in combining lithium with another GSK3 inhibitor against TP53 wild-type glioblastoma cells. doi: 10.1042/BJ20070797, 36. *Correspondence: Eric Jakobsson, jake@illinois.edu, View all Qing Z, Yang J, Han S, Liu J, Holzbeierlein J, Thrasher JB, et al. Because mutations in G protein linked receptors have emerged as of interest in cancer research (28), it is significant that lithium appears to inhibit -adrenergic and muscarinic receptor coupling to G proteins by competing with magnesium, which facilitates such coupling (2933). Neither your address nor the recipient's address will be used for any other purpose. the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility: by Neil Martin, University of New South Wales. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. National Library of Medicine Transient stabilization, rather than inhibition, of MYC amplifies extrinsic apoptosis and therapeutic responses in refractory B-cell lymphoma [published correction appears in Leukemia. The batteries, which are found in billions of consumer devices like smartphones and tablets, were found to leak more than 100 toxic gases including carbon monoxide. One aspect of EV ownership that is often highlighted is the concept that EVs have less moving parts, less components necessary for mobility, therefore less maintenance. Always seek the guidance of your doctor or other qualified health professional with any questions you may have regarding your health or a medical condition. From our quick review, the electric vehicles' batteries do not seem to be as zero impact as we would like. In the present paper we investigate further the possible linkages between lithium and cancer by analyzing the mutual enrichment between STRING-derived interactomes of lithium-sensitive enzymes, and the KEGG pathways associated with cancer. Published 2018 Dec 17. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208094, Furuta T, Sabit H, Dong Y, et al. Tumour Biol. Oncol. Patients using lithium comprised the index drug group and patients using anticonvulsants only comprised the control . J Biol Chem. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw1108, 48. Objective: Based on a clinical case with lithium intake and development of a renal tumor, we aimed to explore the relationship between Li use and tumor proliferation, with regard to the mechanism of action of Li. Received: 04 January 2019; Accepted: 01 April 2019; Published: 30 April 2019. 1980;255(22):10896-10901. Data collated from state fire departments indicate that more than 450 fires across Australia have been linked to lithium-ion batteries in the past 18 monthsand the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) recently put out an issues paper calling for input on how to improve battery safety. Geospatial examination of lithium in drinking water and suicide mortality. Dall'Era MA, Albertsen PC, Bangma C, Carroll PR, Carter HB, Cooperberg MR, et al. (2014) 111:E45607. The Wnt signalling pathway and the hedgehog signalling pathway are both relevant to cancer and regulated by GSK-3. Liping H, Heilbronner U, Degenhardt F, Adli M, Akiyama K, Akula N, et al. Pottegrd A, Ennis ZN, Hallas J, Jensen BL, Madsen K, Friis S. Long-term use of lithium and risk of colorectal adenocarcinoma: a nationwide case-control study. All types of batteries can be hazardous and can pose a safety risk. However, a separate clinical trial, exploring the effects of lithium on low-grade neuroendocrine tumors did not find benefits and enrollment was discontinued early with only 13 patients receiving treatment (Lubner 2011). Zhong Z, Sanchez-Lopez E, Karin M. Autophagy, inflammation, and immunity: a troika governing cancer and its treatment. Lithium-ion batteries are the most widespread portable energy storage solutionbut there are growing concerns regarding their safety. GSK-3 is a protein kinase that phosphorylates other proteins. Increased risk of solid renal tumors in lithium-treated patients. Biochem Pharmacol. Rookmaaker MB, van Gerven HAJM, Goldschmeding R, Boer WH. (2016) 45:D35361. Oncotarget. Webinars For a detailed discussion of empirical p-value determination see Ge et al. Additional education and training, especially for tradespeople, can also help to increase knowledge and understanding regarding the dangers of lithium-ion batteries and help to minimize risks and eliminate danger as much as possible. Biol Trace Element Res. Conferences Bipolar Disord. Low-quality cells may also be prone to unequal aging. In this paper we undertake first steps toward a systems approach by analyzing . Oncologist. Do lithium-ion batteries cause cancer? - YOUTH POWER Sun A, Shanmugam I, Song J, Terranova PF, Thrasher JB, Li B. Lithium suppresses cell proliferation by interrupting E2F-DNA interaction and subsequently reducing S-phase gene expression in prostate cancer. doi: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.06.015, 28. Anke M, Arnhold W, Groppel B, Krause U. With respect to colorectal cancer, one study suggests that lithium inhibits proliferation of a colorectal cancer cell line (14). Thus, a trial of lithium in this context would produce significant results in a short time and would be relatively inexpensive. R package version 1.38.0 (2017). Genetic variants associated with response to lithium treatment in bipolar disorder: a genome-wide association study. Summary: Researchers have discovered the root cause of why lithium metal batteries fail -- bits of lithium metal deposits break off . 2001;41:789-813. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.789, Rodriguez-Gil JE, Guinovart JJ, Bosch F. Lithium restores glycogen synthesis from glucose in hepatocytes from diabetic rats. Other rechargeable battery types do exist and are widely usedsuch as nickel-cadmium and even lead-acid which date back to the 19th century. Much of lithium's known biochemical action may be summarized by noting that it inhibits some phosphate-transfer enzymes (primarily phosphatases and kinases) that have magnesium as a co-factor (2). While research is ongoing, the use of lithium as an adjunctive therapy to improve cancer outcomes is still in the very early stages with a need for a better understanding of the dynamics and complexities of lithiums actions. Even the highest values of EMF exposure in the EVs, which would occur when starting the car and being located closest to the battery, do not yield any health concerns. Serum lithium as a compliance marker for food and supplement intake. However, the liquid electrolyte containing these lithium ions is highly volatile and flammable, which creates a serious risk of fire or explosion, particularly when exposed to high temperature. doi: 10.1021/ar030197a, 31. 2019 Nov 22;:. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.045, 32. The Results: Patients who used lithium had a statistically significant reduction in over all cancer rates in comparison to patients who used only anticonvulsants. Lithium, by decreasing GSK-3 activity, promotes glycogen production. Provider Directory. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12361, 6. The role of Lithium (Li) in cancer proliferation/inhibition is still a controversial issue in the literature. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/73.1.75, 58. Biochem Pharmacol. Blml V, Regier MD, Hlavin G, Rockett IRH, Knig F, Vyssoki B, et al. The work was planned jointly in conversations between EJ and WG. Mobile phones, laptops and smart wearables are all powered with lithium-ion batteries, as are newer e-mobility products such as e-bikes and e-scooters. A literature search was performed using keywords bipolar disorder, medical comorbidity, cancer, renal tumor, lithium, mood stabilizers, valproate and mechanism of action. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no doi: 10.1021/cn500056q, 23. To provide context for such prioritization and design, it is essential to take into account the ways in which lithium is unique, both as a pharmaceutical and as an ion that is ubiquitous in the environment, and therefore ubiquitous in the water and food we ingest (2): 1. Daily science news on research developments and the latest scientific innovations, Medical research advances and health news, The most comprehensive sci-tech news coverage on the web. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Power tools can also run on lithium-ion batteries, and they are commonplace in various trade industries, as well as camping and gardening equipment. In our study the lists we are comparing are the proteins contained in the interactomes of lithium sensitive enzymes on the one hand, and the proteins and genes contained in the KEGG pathways associated with cancer on the other hand. Despite the presence of contradictory data, a substantial body of evidence mainly from molecular studies points to Li's anti-carcinogenic effects. (2014) 2:174. doi: 10.1186/s40478-014-0174-y, 25. . We find that for the majority of cancer pathways the mutual enrichment is statistically highly significant, reinforcing previous lines of evidence that lithium is an important influence on cancer. Risks for these cancers were 1.47, 1.72 and 2.6 times higher, respectively. Some may be nickel or chrome plated and some people may be sensitive to handling them, but its more an allergy thing than cancer. We present evidence of a female patient with bipolar disorder I, who had been on Li for several years, either as monotherapy or in combination with Valproate (VPA). Awareness Isnt Enough: Suicide Rates and the Failure of Mainstream Mental Health Care. (1991) 41:1715. Lithium battery fires and accidents are on the rise and present risks that can be mitigated if the technology is well understood. It should be noted that 72 out of 80 kinases (33), and six out of nine adenylyl cyclases (34), screened were found not to be lithium-sensitive. However, the underlying mechanistic pathways remain unclear. Copyright 2019 Ge and Jakobsson. Conducting multiple analyses of the data and reporting only those with certain p-values (typically those passing a significance threshold) renders the reported p-values essentially uninterpretable. We acknowledge that such selective reporting is commonindeed the ASA statement was prompted in large measure by the widespread practice of such selective reporting.
Solar Sun Rings Pool Heater Ssr, Backless Shirts With Built-in Bra, Small Dozer For Sale Near Me, Diploma In Marine Surveying, Cleaning Utensils List, Pink Dress Near Texas, Chemical Reactor Design Pdf, Lafont Sunglasses Dancing, Rohto Mentholatum Shampoo,
