This makes it widely available all over the world. Rogers, K.E. If planted, it will produce thinner leaves as it can receive more light. Smith, A. R., Pryer, K. M., Schuettpelz, E., Korall, P., Schneider, H. and Wolf, P.G. 1961. When purchasing Water Sprite plants, make sure to look for healthy specimens with green leaves. It grows best in soil with a pH reading of 5-9 and in very high amounts of light. Pinnae are deeply incised with segments 2-15 mm x 10-30 mm and the fertile segments 1-2 mm x 10-80 mm. To trim Water Sprite, simply cut the stems back to the desired length with a sharp knife or scissors. Water Sprite can also be grown without the use of CO, but it will grow much slower without it. Water Sprite (Ceratopteris thalictroides) : Ultimate Care Guide. A high demand in CO2 is approx. Major Threat (s): No threats have been reported for this species. Distribution. Water Sprite can also tolerate slightly cooler or warmer temperatures, but it is important to avoid sudden or extreme changes. Moreover, Ceratopteris species are known to hybridise. Privacy Policy | Cookie Policy | Contact | About, Cover roots and base of stem, or allow to float, Water Sprite Growing, Planting, Facts & Care (Ceratopteris thalictroides). Water Sprite (Ceratopteris thalictroides) and guppy grass (Najas guadalupensis) are aquatic plants native to tropical climates. In nature, this plant typically grows in waters with a pH level between six and eight. It can provide useful shade to shyer fish and small fry. You can often find Ceratopteris thalictroides near stagnant water or in slow-flowing rivers in swampy areas, swamp forests, sago swamps, marshes, natural and man-made ponds. For example, a small river in Papua New Guinea where it was found had a water temperature of 26C, pH of 8.4, GH of 17dH, KH of 25dH, and a conductivity of 1100 S/cm. Besides beauty, another attractive quality of this plant is that it does not require too much attention, making it exceptionally easy to care for. Water Sprite is a fast-growing fern that is usually cultivated free-floating on the water surface. Published online. Broad Leaf Water Sprite is a variety of Water Sprite that has wider leaves than the standard Water Sprite. Fern Flora of Malabar. Unpublished and undated. Water Sprite can also be trimmed and used as a foreground plant. Water Sprite can also be found floating on the surface of ponds and aquariums. List of Habitats: 1, 1.6, 15, 15.1, 15.2, 15.8. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Fern J. In Madagascar, New Guinea, and Vietnam, the fronds of Ceratopteris thalictroides are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. 2010. Trimming Water Sprite is a necessary part of plant care, and it should be done on a regular basis. Water horn ferns may be found floating, or rooted in the mud. ; Nair, N.C., Ghosh, S.R. You can use an aquarium heater to maintain this temperature range. Ceratopteris thalictroides has two types of gametophytes with different sexual expression: these types are hermaphrodite and male. Dividing the plant is the simplest way to propagate and increase your water Sprite population. Growth rate of the plant compared to other aquatic plants. Published online. The gametophyte is haploid. Ceratopteris thalictroides is a fern species more commonly known as water sprite and belongs to the Pteridaceae family. Remember to keep it away from filters as the leaves and stems can get sucked in and damaged. Water Sprite is a fern, while water wisteria is a member of the mint family. Water horn fern is not native to Florida. Accessed: 2021 Feb 17. Mejlbyvej 2008250EgTlf. 1972. Fill the hole back up with substrate to secure the submerged plant. Abstract Ceratopteris thalictroides, a model fern, has two kinds of gametophytes with different sex expression: male and hermaphrodite. This page was last edited on 15 April 2023, at 14:44. Another form of emersed leaves is stiff, finely divided, and frilly. Water Sprite forms plantlets in the grooves between the lobes of older leaves, but in lower numbers. This family has over 50 different genera, but Ceratopteris is one of only two genera in the Ceratopteridoideae subfamily. Water sprite can withstand hardiness zones between 9-11 USDA, and is most commonly found in stagnant water bodies such as swamps and marshes, making it perfect for aquariums and manmade ponds. The delicate, lace-like leaves offer a nice contrast to other popular aquatic plants. Chen X, Chen Z, Huang W, Fu H, Wang Q, Wang Y, Cao J. Proteomic analysis of gametophytic sex expression in the fern Ceratopteris thalictroides. However, C. richardii apparently is not found in Florida. In small, open aquariums, it can grow out of the tank and form beautiful surface leaves. This fern is an amphibious plant with a short and erect rhizome that is usually rooted in the substrate. This family has over 50 different genera, but Ceratopteris is one of only two genera in the Ceratopteridoideae subfamily. Additionally, Water Sprite can block out light and make it difficult for other plants to grow. Bull. It currently publishes more than 6,000 new publications a year, has offices in around fifty countries, and employs more than 5,500 people worldwide. Distribution. Water Sprite plants prefer warm water, so if the temperature is too cold, this could be the reason why your plant is dying. Water Sprite will begin to grow new leaves within a few weeks. Create a small hole in the substrate, then place the plant into it. Water horn ferns are annual ferns. PLoS One. It is also known as watersprite. This plant can range in color from green to brown, and it can grow up to 12 inches in length. This widespread genus of four to six species inhabits the humid tropics. This stunning appearance makes water sprite very popular for aquariums. Aquarists, get ready to add a touch of lush greenery to your tank with Water Sprite! They have ball-shaped sporangia on the undersides. This fern forms large, fine-leaved, light green bushes within a short time and requires a lot of space, so its best cultivated in large tanks as a solitary plant. 1823 ("C-fern"; Triangle waterfern), C. pteridoides (Hook.) The roots of this species when planted should be very large and numerous, which also indicates it is in good health. Rooted in mud, Ceratopteris thalictroides plants vary in size and appearance. It is also known as watersprite. 1821 (Water Sprite, Oriental water fern). This plant normally grows fast, but the addition of CO2may be necessary to promote growth. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Water Sprite is a floating fern that originates from Southeast Asia. Checklist of the vascular flora of Forrest, Lamar, and Perry counties, Mississippi. They are known to help keep your tank clean by consuming algae and decaying matter. It gets its name from its long, slender leaves that resemble those of a Sprite or fairy. The genus Ceratopteris is derived from keratos which means horn and pteris meaning fern in Greek. Its been reported to be an annual plant that repopulates from fragments the next season, but it can also have an indefinite lifespan in cultivation. You can then remove the plantlets and transfer them to their own containers. It usually grows quickly. Hieron. You can grow water sprite in your tank in a variety of ways. At one time, some authorities recognized only one species; now some authorities recognize only four species. 61 (2): 75-86 (11/2010). The leaves of Water Sprite come in different shapes and are a light green color. Water Sprite is very sensitive to changes in pH, and sudden shifts can cause the plant to become stressed or even die. One of the great things about water Sprite is that it can adapt to a wide range of pH levels. [citation needed]. Its not difficult to meet its requirements medium light intensities and CO2 concentrations of under 20 mg/l are sufficient, but it will grow even better under intensive light, with additional CO2 and nutrient-rich water. Water Sprite can also be propagated by seed, but this is a much more difficult process. Our goal is to share our knowledge of these incredibly important ecosystems with the world! Published online. Ceratopteris thalictroides in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The pinnae are deeply incised with segments 2-15mm x 10-30mm and the fertile segments 1-2mm x 10-80mm. You can drop cuttings onto the surface of the water and then allow them a couple of days to grow roots, which will fall slightly below them. One of the most common problems with growing Water Sprite is that the plant can become too large for the aquarium. In nature, this plant is said to be an annual plant, however, it can be cultivated over several years without problems. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Water Sprite can grow up to 12 inches in length, while water wisteria only grows to about six inches in length. Fosberg, F.R. Its requirements are not difficult to meet; medium light intensities and CO2 concentrations of under 20 mg/l are sufficient, however, the fern will grow better under intensive light, with additional CO2 and nutrient-rich water.It forms plantlets in the grooves between the lobes of older leaves, like other Ceratopteris species, however, in lower numbers. [8], Ceratopteris is a fairly popular aquarium plant, often sold under the name "water sprite." The plants grow in still and sluggish waters of the peninsular part of Florida. This plant thrives in full sun to moderate shade and can grow at elevations from sea level to 1,300m, but is mostly found at elevations less than 500m. It may be grown as an emersed but natant (floating) plant, or as an immersed plant rooted in the substrate. If the pH level is outside of this range, you can use a water conditioner to adjust it. Fern J. To do this, cut a piece of the rhizome that has at least two leaves attached. Watersprite (Ceratopteris thalictroides) is considered a pantropical aquatic weed having been widely distributed via the aquarium and fishpond trade. Check for roots that are long and strong. Reproduction: Ball-shaped sporangia on the undersides of leaves. Ceratopteris thalictroides is a pantropical fern, 15-30 cm high and 10-20 cm wide.. Ceratopteris thalictroides is a fern species more commonly known as water sprite and belongs to the Pteridaceae family. 2023 University of Florida / IFAS / Center for Aquatic & Invasive Plants Hermaphroditic gametophytes have one or several archegonia beneath the growing point and a few antheridia at the base or margin. J. Bot. One attraction of the water sprite is that it can create shade beneficial for shy fish, for example, Cherry Barbs. +45 86 22 05 66Fax +45 86 22 84 66tropica@tropica.dk
Unpublished and undated. Accessed: 17 Feb 2021. International Plant Names Index. [citation needed], Ceratopteris t. is widely used as an aquarium plant,[4] and is prized for its versatility, being used both as a floating plant and a plant that can be rooted in the substrate. Habitat and Ecology: Ceratopteris thalictroides occurs in semi shaded localities mostly rooted in mud, occasionally free floating and common in paddy fields, ponds (Manickam and Irudayaraj 1992, Nair et al. Appendix A Classification system of ferns and lycophytes. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. The sterile leaves have petioles that can be up to 15 cm (31 cm) long and 2-5 mm (8 mm) thick, with blades that are 3-20 cm (41 cm) long and 1.5-10 cm (20 cm) wide, with a lanceolate contour. There are two types of this plant the north type has 2n=126 chromosomes while the south type has 2n=154 chromosomes, making it a separate species. There are a few things you can do to help your water Sprite plant grow faster. A medium need in CO2 is 6-14 mg/L. Smith, A. R., Pryer, K. M., Schuettpelz, E., Korall, P., Schneider, H. and Wolf, P.G. The Water Sprite is an incredibly tolerant fern that can handle all PH ranges, except for highly alkaline water. The second of the two types of gametophyte are male that produce only antheridia. ; Manickam, V.S. The delicate, lace-like leaves offer a nice contrast to other popular aquatic plants. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. In small, open aquariums, it can grow out of the tank and form beautiful surface leaves. Common Name: WATERSPRITE. Torrey Bot. One of the commonly used plants in the aquarium hobby is Ceratopteris thalictroides popularly known as Water Sprite. Accessed: 17 Feb 2021. International Plant Names Index. In China, its applied to wounds to stop bleeding. Status: Not Native, OBL (NWPL) Specimen: This family has over 50 different genera, but Ceratopteris is one of only two genera in the Ceratopteridoideae subfamily. These plants can also help to reduce stress levels in fish, as they provide a natural hiding place. Therefore, not only is this plant perfect for aquariums but it can also be introduced to a paludarium. (Parkeriaceae) in China", UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, How to Grow and Decorate with Watersprite, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ceratopteris_thalictroides&oldid=1135019916, Taxa named by Adolphe-Thodore Brongniart, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2008, Articles needing additional references from April 2021, All articles needing additional references, Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 January 2023, at 03:17. The floating leaves are often thick and fleshy, with deep lobes on the margins. Ceratopteris thalictroides , (Z,.) If Water Sprite becomes too large, it can crowd out other plants and make the aquarium look cluttered. Distribution. Ceratopteris thalictroides. Diversity of Pteridophytes along the stretches of Thamiraparani River (West), Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, India. Amer. Water Sprite is not a very demanding plant when it comes to carbon dioxide (CO). [9], This plant is often used as a vegetable, particularly in Asia.[10]. Ceratopteris is the only genus among homosporous ferns that is exclusively aquatic. 99 The first roots which are formed in a young plant do not arise from the base of the petioles, but directly from the stem ; their connexion with the latter will, however, be dealt with later. This datasheet on Ceratopteris thalictroides covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information. Remember that water sprite has other common names, so it might be sold as Indian water fern or Water fern. However, botanists are still debating whether Ceratopteris cornuta, originating from Africa, is a separate species or a synonym of C. thalictroides. There are things to consider when introducing water sprite to an ecosystem, including whether fish and animals will eat it or not. This plant is a quick grower, which is great for filling up your tank quickly, but it can also lead to some leaf browning. Sing. Water Sprite is native to Southeast Asia and northern Australia but can also be found in isolated populations in Tanzania, Florida, Central America, and northern to central South America. You can test the pH level of your water with a simple test kit from your local pet store. You can even leave them floating and they will develop their own root system. Watersprite (Ceratopteris thalictroides) is considered a pantropical aquatic weed having been widely distributed via the aquarium and fishpond trade. In aquaristics, the plants with coarser lobes/leaflets are generally called C. cornuta, and those with finer leaflets are known as C. thalictroides. Water Sprite will quickly recover from this type of division and will begin to grow new leaves within a few weeks. This versatile fern can also be used as manure for rice and has medicinal uses as a poultice for dermatological issues in Malaysia and the Philippines. Department of Botany, Nesemani Memorial Christian College, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. If the leaves start to turn brown, you can trim them back or remove them entirely. In a pool in Venezuela, the water temperature was 28C, pH was 6.6, GH was 2dH, KH was 4dH, and the conductivity was 100 S/cm. Water sprite is hardy to cold weather and will quickly die back during the first frost of the year. Lloyd, R.M. If floating, it will grow thinner and finer secondary roots to absorb nutrients. [4], In the Sepik region of New Guinea, fronds are used as a personal decoration. Water Sprite plants are very easy to care for in an aquarium. Ceratopteris thalictroides is an aquatic plant that is part of the Pteridaceae family. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019", "Phylogeographic analysis reveals two cryptic species of the endangered fern Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. Archegonia are multicellular structures of the gametophyte that produce and contain the ovum or female gamete. This fern can do well in a variety of vivarium types, but its best suited for setups with fully aquatic areas. B.I.Publications, New Delhi. To prevent damage to your water sprite, keep the soil pH around neutral or slightly acidic. Both plants have long, slender leaves and can range in color from green to brown. It is not clear, however, if those coarser-looking plants are truly C. cornuta or simply a variety of C. thalictroides (in the narrower sense). Published online. Will Fish and Animals Eat it? Am. C. thalictroides is a very fast growing fern and is usually cultivated free-floating on the water surface, like all other Ceratopteris species. However, when planted into the ground it grows even better as a submersed plant. Ceratopteris thalictroides contained only guaiacyl lignin in their cell walls, whereas Ceratopteris cornuta also contained syringyl units (Fig. In Micronesia, the fronds are eaten raw as a salad. The plants grow in still and sluggish waters of the peninsular part of Florida. 2021. CETH2. Spore-carrying fronds have very narrow leaf tips. Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.)Brongn. Water Sprite plants provide numerous benefits for aquariums. Ceratopteris thalictroides. Water Sprite is a floating plant, while guppy grass is a rooted plant. To do this, simply cut a healthy stem that is around three inches long and remove the bottom leaves. This plant can actually tolerate a wide range of CO levels, from 0-30ppm. Sharpe (eds.). Due to water sprites hardiness and the fact that they mainly feed through their leaves, any substrate will satisfy this plant. It can thrive in paludariums (half aquatic/half terrain-based enclosures), ripariums (mostly aquatic-based enclosures with some terrain features), and aquariums (fully aquatic-based enclosures with little to no dry terrain). There are two species in Florida. ; Manickam, V.S. In general, we recommend that you provide CO injection for Water Sprite plants if possible. Walker and J.M. and Bhargavan, P. 1992. Water Sprite and water wisteria are two common floating plants that are often confused with one another. However, when planted into the ground, it grows even better as a submersed plant. Ceratopteris thalictroides in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. It is also known as watersprite. However, recent work by Masuyama and Watano has suggested that C. thalictroides actually consists of four cryptic species (thalictroides, froesii, gaudichaudii, oblongibloba). In the Sepik region of New Guinea, fronds are used as a personal decoration. Klicke hier, um zu erfahren, wie du Javascript aktivieren kannst. The water sprite plant ( Ceratopteris thalictroides) is a favorite among aquarists and aquascaping fanatics. To propagate the water sprite, simply wait for it to produce baby plants, or replant stem trimmings. However, C. richardii apparently is not found in Florida. Amer. 2011. FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221470. It provides fish fry with great places to hide and is even accepted by Labyrinth fish for building their bubble nests. Goebel 1, in his c Biologische Schilderungen,' has given a short account of the differences which he observed between the It gets its name from its long, slender leaves that resemble those of a Sprite or fairy. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Preferred Common Name watersprite The corresponding male organ is the antheridium, a haploid organ producing and containing sperm. Water sprite prefers low to moderate light conditions, so it would be ideal to place them between the middle to the back of a fish tank or pond. The floating water sprite absorbs the necessary nutrients directly from the water. Description: Ceratopteris thalictroides is an amphibic fern found in many tropical regions of the world in shallow waters and on muddy ground, amongst others in rice paddies. Water Sprite can grow very quickly, and if it is not trimmed, it can take over your aquarium. Water Sprite plants are native to tropical and subtropical regions, so they prefer warm water temperatures. pp. Learn the Aquarium is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Lastly, make sure that there is enough light and air circulation in your tank. The plants grow in still and sluggish waters of the peninsular part of Florida. Water Sprite can also be propagated by planting the rhizome. In aquaristics, those plants with coarser lobes/leaflets are generally called C. cornuta, and those with finer leaflets are known as C. thalictroides. Additionally, water sprite is a favorite among shrimp because its textured leaves provide the perfect foraging ground, and its dense growth pattern makes for a great hiding place. Ceratopteris is also important in the study of pteridophytes and is a commonly used model organism for use in genomic studies, due to the ease and rapidity with which it can be grown in laboratories, as well as having well-characterized phenotypes. 2019 Aug 19;14(8):e0221470. The genus Ceratopteris is derived from keratos which means horn and pteris meaning fern in Greek. The leaflets may resemble thick needles. In: IUCN 2011. CETH2. In small, open aquariums, it can grow out of the tank and form beautiful surface leaves. Ecology: Where Can You find Water Sprite in the Wild? IUCN. This is because Water Sprite plants are fast-growing and can benefit from the extra nutrients that CO provides. It is pan-tropical and classified in the Parkerioideae subfamily of the family Pteridaceae.
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